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Unveiling the shade nature of cyanic leaves: A view from the “blue absorbing side” of anthocyanins
Plant, Cell & Environment ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.1111/pce.13818
Marco Landi 1 , Giovanni Agati 2 , Alessio Fini 3 , Lucia Guidi 1 , Federico Sebastiani 4 , Massimiliano Tattini 4
Affiliation  

Anthocyanins have long been suggested as having great potential in offering photoprotection to plants facing high light irradiance. Nonetheless, their effective ability in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from supernumerary photons has been questioned by some authors, based upon the inexact belief that anthocyanins almost exclusively absorb green photons, which are poorly absorbed by chlorophylls. Here we focus on the blue light absorbing features of anthocyanins, a neglected issue in anthocyanin research. Anthocyanins effectively absorb blue photons: the absorbance of blue relative to green photons increases from tri‐ to mono‐hydroxy B‐ring substituted structures, reaching up to 50% of green photons absorption. We offer a comprehensive picture of the molecular events activated by low blue‐light availability, extending our previous analysis in purple and green basil, which we suggest to be responsible for the “shade syndrome” displayed by cyanic leaves. While purple leaves display overexpression of genes promoting chlorophyll biosynthesis and light harvesting, in green leaves it is the genes involved in the stability/repair of photosystems that are largely overexpressed. As a corollary, this adds further support to the view of an effective photoprotective role of anthocyanins. We discuss the profound morpho‐anatomical adjustments imposed by the epidermal anthocyanin shield, which reflect adjustments in light harvesting capacity under imposed shade and make complex the analysis of the photosynthetic performance of cyanic versus acyanic leaves.

中文翻译:

揭示青色叶子的遮荫性质:从花青素的“蓝色吸收面”看

长期以来,人们一直认为花青素具有为面临高光辐照度的植物提供光保护的巨大潜力。尽管如此,一些作者质疑它们保护光合作用装置免受多余光子影响的有效能力,因为他们认为花青素几乎完全吸收绿色光子,而叶绿素很少吸收绿色光子。在这里,我们关注花青素的蓝光吸收特性,这是花青素研究中一个被忽视的问题。花青素有效吸收蓝色光子:蓝色相对于绿色光子的吸收从三羟基 B 环取代结构增加到单羟基 B 环取代结构,达到绿色光子吸收的 50%。我们提供了由低蓝光可用性激活的分子事件的全面图片,扩展我们之前对紫色和绿色罗勒的分析,我们认为这是造成青色叶子显示的“阴影综合症”的原因。虽然紫色叶子显示出促进叶绿素生物合成和光收集的基因的过度表达,但在绿色叶子中,主要过度表达的是参与光系统稳定性/修复的基因。作为推论,这进一步支持了花青素具有有效光保护作用的观点。我们讨论了表皮花青素屏蔽所施加的深刻形态解剖学调整,这反映了强加阴影下光收集能力的调整,并使氰叶与非氰叶的光合性能分析变得复杂。我们建议这是造成青色叶子显示的“阴影综合症”的原因。虽然紫色叶子显示出促进叶绿素生物合成和光收集的基因的过度表达,但在绿色叶子中,主要过度表达的是参与光系统稳定性/修复的基因。作为推论,这进一步支持了花青素具有有效光保护作用的观点。我们讨论了表皮花青素屏蔽所施加的深刻形态解剖学调整,这反映了强加阴影下光收集能力的调整,并使氰叶与非氰叶的光合性能分析变得复杂。我们建议这是造成青色叶子显示的“阴影综合症”的原因。虽然紫色叶子显示出促进叶绿素生物合成和光收集的基因的过度表达,但在绿色叶子中,主要过度表达的是参与光系统稳定性/修复的基因。作为推论,这进一步支持了花青素具有有效光保护作用的观点。我们讨论了表皮花青素屏蔽所施加的深刻形态解剖学调整,这反映了强加阴影下光收集能力的调整,并使氰叶与非氰叶的光合性能分析变得复杂。在绿叶中,主要过度表达的是参与光系统稳定性/修复的基因。作为推论,这进一步支持了花青素具有有效光保护作用的观点。我们讨论了表皮花青素屏蔽所施加的深刻形态解剖学调整,这反映了强加阴影下光收集能力的调整,并使氰叶与非氰叶的光合性能分析变得复杂。在绿叶中,主要过度表达的是参与光系统稳定性/修复的基因。作为推论,这进一步支持了花青素具有有效光保护作用的观点。我们讨论了表皮花青素屏蔽所施加的深刻形态解剖学调整,这反映了强加阴影下光收集能力的调整,并使氰叶与非氰叶的光合性能分析变得复杂。
更新日期:2020-06-09
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