Volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by the fungal phytopathogen Penicillium aurantiogriseum promote root growth and developmental changes in Arabidopsis. Here we characterised the metabolic and molecular responses of roots to fungal volatiles. Proteomic analyses revealed that these compounds reduce the levels of aquaporins, the iron carrier IRT1 and apoplastic peroxidases. Fungal VCs also increased the levels of enzymes involved in the production of mevalonate (MVA)‐derived isoprenoids, nitrogen assimilation and conversion of methionine to ethylene and cyanide. Consistently, fungal VC‐treated roots accumulated high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), MVA‐derived cytokinins, ethylene, cyanide and long‐distance nitrogen transport amino acids. qRT‐PCR analyses showed that many proteins differentially expressed by fungal VCs are encoded by VC non‐responsive genes. Expression patterns of hormone reporters and developmental characterisation of mutants provided evidence for the involvement of cyanide scavenging and enhanced auxin, ethylene, cytokinin and H₂O₂ signalling in the root architecture changes promoted by fungal VCs. Our findings show that VCs from P. aurantiogriseum modify root metabolism and architecture, and improve nutrient and water use efficiencies through transcriptionally and non‐transcriptionally regulated proteome resetting mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms are subject to long‐distance regulation by photosynthesis and differ from those triggered by VCs emitted by beneficial microorganisms.

中文翻译：

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真菌植物病原体青霉菌的挥发物通过蛋白质组重置来调节根部代谢和结构。

真菌植物病原体青霉青霉释放的挥发性化合物（VCs）促进了拟南芥的根生长和发育变化。在这里，我们表征了根对真菌挥发物的代谢和分子反应。蛋白质组学分析表明，这些化合物可降低水通道蛋白，铁载体IRT1和质外生过氧化物酶的水平。真菌VC也增加了甲羟戊酸（MVA）产生的类异戊二烯的产生，氮同化以及蛋氨酸向乙烯和氰化物的转化过程中涉及的酶的水平。一致地，经VC处理的真菌根部积累了高水平的过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂），MVA衍生的细胞分裂素，乙烯，氰化物和长途氮转运氨基酸。qRT-PCR分析表明，由真菌VC差异表达的许多蛋白质是由VC无反应基因编码的。激素报告基因的表达方式和突变体的发育特性为真菌清除VC促进根系结构变化提供了氰化物清除和生长素，乙烯，细胞分裂素和H ₂ O ₂信号增强的证据。我们的发现表明，来自P的风险投资人。og通过转录和非转录调控的蛋白质组重置机制，改变根的代谢和结构，并提高营养和水分利用效率。其中一些机制受光合作用的远距离调控，与有益微生物释放的VC触发的机制不同。