The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has an important role in the Earth's climate system, but it remains unclear how the instrumentally observed multidecadal variability of the Earth's climate is related to the AMOC. We carried out a comprehensive evaluation of five representative indicators of the AMOC, including one atmospheric index based on the effect of accumulated atmospheric forcing on the AMOC and four oceanographic indices using surface and subsurface oceanographic variables in the North Atlantic Ocean. We compared reconstructions of the AMOC against measurement records and analysed the relationships with the multidecadal variability of the annual mean surface air temperature anomalies over the North Atlantic, Northern Hemisphere and South Atlantic. All the AMOC indicators show a weakening trend during the most recent decade, which is in good agreement with the RAPID measurement record of the AMOC. Besides, the atmospheric reconstruction shows the best agreement with the observed low‐frequency variation in the AMOC since 2004. The multidecadal variability in hemispheric/regional surface temperatures is closely related to all the AMOC reconstructions and opposite relationships are observed between the North Atlantic and South Atlantic oceans. The multidecadal surface air temperature anomalies associated with the variations in the AMOC are most pronounced for the atmospheric reconstruction index, which leads the variations in the surface air temperature by 4–5 years. Among the oceanographic indicators, the reconstructions using subsurface oceanographic variables performed best in terms of the relationship with the variations in the multidecadal surface air temperature.

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大西洋子午翻转循环重建和仪器观测的十年年代际气候变化：指标比较

大西洋子午翻转环流（AMOC）在地球气候系统中起着重要作用，但目前尚不清楚用仪器观测到的地球气候的多年代际变化与AMOC有何关系。我们对AMOC的五个代表性指标进行了全面评估，其中包括一个基于累积的大气强迫对AMOC的影响的大气指数，以及使用北大西洋的表层和地下海洋学变量得出的四个海洋学指数。我们将AMOC的重建与测量记录进行了比较，并分析了与北大西洋，北半球和南大西洋的年平均地表气温异常的年代际变化之间的关系。在最近十年中，所有AMOC指标均显示出减弱的趋势，这与AMOC的RAPID测量记录非常吻合。此外，大气重建与自2004年以来观测到的AMOC低频变化显示出最佳一致性。半球/区域表面温度的多年代际变化与所有AMOC重建都密切相关，北大西洋与南大西洋之间的关系相反。大西洋。与AMOC变化相关的多年代际地表气温异常对于大气重建指数最为明显，这导致地表气温变化4-5年。在海洋指标中，