Exposure to silver nanoparticles induces immunological dysfunction in pregnant mice,Environmental Toxicology

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Exposure to silver nanoparticles induces immunological dysfunction in pregnant mice
Environmental Toxicology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.1002/tox.22981
Ling Chen _{1,

2} , Haifang Wu _{1,

2} , Lulu Le ₁ , Pengfei Yang ₂ , Fen Fu ₁ , Wenting Liu ₁ , Hengyi Xu ₂

Affiliation

The adverse outcomes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on pregnancy have been studied in murine animals. However, the potential toxicity of AgNPs to immune balance, which is essential for maintaining a normal pregnancy, still requires further exploration. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of AgNPs on the immune balance during gestation time. Pregnant mice were given a dose of 1 mg/kg of AgNPs and silver ion on gestation days 3.5 to 9.5 by tail vein injection. Results showed that the AgNPs and silver ion decreased the number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells which were the important cells in the immune system, thereby disrupting the balance of normal immune tolerance function, activated the inflammatory responses, together with the reductive production of placental immunoregulatory genes, and the expression of inflammatory factors in the placenta in the Ag‐treated groups increased. These effects increased the absorption rate. Furthermore, the inflammatory signaling pathway p38MAPK/AP‐1/MMP‐9 in the placenta was activated, indicating that Ag induced inflammation through this signaling pathway. All results indicated that undesirable pregnancy outcome caused by AgNPs could be happened by stimulating immunological dysfunction. Therefore, the potential risks to embryogenesis exposure to AgNPs that caused immune imbalance should be given sufficient attention.

中文翻译：

暴露于银纳米粒子会导致怀孕小鼠的免疫功能障碍

已经在鼠类动物中研究了银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 对妊娠的不良后果。然而，AgNPs 对维持正常妊娠必不可少的免疫平衡的潜在毒性仍需要进一步探索。因此，本研究评估了 AgNPs 对妊娠期间免疫平衡的影响。在妊娠第 3.5 至 9.5 天通过尾静脉注射向怀孕小鼠给药 1 mg/kg 的 AgNPs 和银离子。结果表明，AgNPs和银离子减少了免疫系统中重要的CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的数量，从而破坏了正常免疫耐受功能的平衡，激活了炎症反应，同时减少了胎盘免疫调节细胞的产生。基因，Ag处理组胎盘中炎症因子的表达增加。这些效果提高了吸收率。此外，胎盘中的炎症信号通路 p38MAPK/AP-1/MMP-9 被激活，表明 Ag 通过该信号通路诱导炎症。所有结果表明，AgNPs 引起的不良妊娠结局可能是通过刺激免疫功能障碍而发生的。因此，胚胎发生暴露于导致免疫失衡的 AgNPs 的潜在风险应引起足够的重视。所有结果表明，AgNPs 引起的不良妊娠结局可能是通过刺激免疫功能障碍而发生的。因此，胚胎发生暴露于导致免疫失衡的 AgNPs 的潜在风险应引起足够的重视。所有结果表明，AgNPs 引起的不良妊娠结局可能是通过刺激免疫功能障碍而发生的。因此，胚胎发生暴露于导致免疫失衡的 AgNPs 的潜在风险应引起足够的重视。

更新日期：2020-06-09

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