In recent years, bifidobacterial populations in the gut of various monkey species have been assessed in several ecological surveys, unveiling a diverse, yet unexplored ecosystem harbouring novel species. In the current study, we investigated the species distribution of bifidobacteria present in 23 different species of primates, including human samples, by means of 16S rRNA microbial profiling and internal transcribed spacer bifidobacterial profiling. Based on the observed bifidobacterial‐host co‐phylogeny, we found a statistically significant correlation between the Hominidae family and particular bifidobacterial species isolated from humans, indicating phylosymbiosis between these lineages. Furthermore, phylogenetic and glycobiome analyses, based on 40 bifidobacterial species isolated from primates, revealed that members of the Bifidobacterium tissieri phylogenetic group, which are typical gut inhabitants of members of the Cebidae family, descend from an ancient ancestor with respect to other bifidobacterial taxa isolated from primates.

中文翻译：

---

灵长类动物相关双歧杆菌的进化发育和共系统发生。

近年来，在多项生态调查中评估了各种猴子物种肠道中的双歧杆菌种群，从而揭示了一个具有新颖物种的，尚未开发的多样化生态系统。在当前的研究中，我们通过16S rRNA微生物谱和内部转录间隔双歧杆菌谱研究了存在于23种不同灵长类动物（包括人类样品）中的双歧杆菌的物种分布。基于观察到的双歧杆菌宿主共系统发生，我们发现人科之间存在统计学上的显着相关性家族和从人类分离的特定双歧杆菌物种，表明这些谱系之间发生了共生共生。此外，基于从灵长类动物中分离出的40种双歧杆菌种的系统发育和糖组学分析表明，tisceerieri双歧杆菌系统发生群成员是Cebidae家族的典型肠道居民，相对于其他分离的双歧杆菌类​​群，其起源于古代祖先。来自灵长类动物。