This study compares serum markers for systemic inflammation, and liver, mineral, and energy status in samples obtained -7, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 ± 1, 21 ± 1, and 35 d relative to calving from healthy dairy cows and those diagnosed with purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) or subclinical endometritis (SCE). Metabolites and markers measured in serum were total calcium, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, urea, glucose, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), haptoglobin (Hp), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Holstein cows with no recorded clinical disease were classified healthy (neither PVD nor SCE; n = 38), PVD (n = 10) or SCE (n = 10) at 35 d postpartum. The cut-point for PVD was mucopurulent vaginal discharge or worse, measured with Metricheck, and for SCE > 5% endometrial polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Purulent vaginal discharge and SCE were mutually exclusive categories. The association of each serum marker with reproductive tract health classification was fitted in mixed linear regression models, accounting for repeated measures, sampling day, parity, BCS, and interactions of reproductive tract status and day. Serum Hp concentrations were greater at 3, 5, 7, and 14 ± 1 d postpartum for SCE and at 7 and 35 d postpartum for PVD than in healthy cows. Albumin concentrations were lesser for PVD than healthy at 14 ± 1 d postpartum and lesser for SCE than healthy at 35 d postpartum. The week before calving, SCE had lesser total calcium than healthy cows, and at 7 and 14 ± 1 d postpartum PVD had lesser total calcium than healthy cows. At 14 ± 1 d postpartum, serum NEFA, BHB, and globulin were greater, and IGF-1 lower for SCE than PVD or healthy cows. For all other metabolites, no differences were found. Before diagnosis, PVD or SCE had more indication of postpartum systemic inflammation (high Hp and low albumin) than healthy cows, and markers of energy status were more compromised in SCE than in PVD or healthy cows. This supports the hypothesis that SCE is associated with maladaptation to postpartum metabolic demands and with metabolic inflammation.

中文翻译：

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奶牛脓性阴道分泌物和亚临床子宫内膜炎的代谢标志物

本研究比较了与健康奶牛产犊和产犊时间相关的 -7、1、3、5、7、14 ± 1、21 ± 1 和 35 天样本中全身炎症的血清标志物以及肝脏、矿物质和能量状态。诊断为化脓性阴道分泌物 (PVD) 或亚临床子宫内膜炎 (SCE) 的患者。血清中测量的代谢物和标志物为总钙、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、尿素、葡萄糖、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、β-羟基丁酸 (BHB)、非酯化脂肪酸 (NEFA)、结合珠蛋白 (Hp) 和胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1)。没有记录临床疾病的荷斯坦奶牛在产后 35 天被分类为健康（既不是 PVD ​​也不是 SCE；n = 38）、PVD（n = 10）或 SCE（n = 10）。PVD 的临界点是黏液脓性阴道分泌物或更糟，使用 Metricheck 测量，SCE > 5% 子宫内膜多形核细胞 (PMN)。化脓性阴道分泌物和 SCE 是相互排斥的类别。每个血清标志物与生殖道健康分类的关联被拟合到混合线性回归模型中，考虑了重复测量、采样天数、胎次、BCS 以及生殖道状态和天数的相互作用。SCE 的血清 Hp 浓度在产后 3、5、7 和 14 ± 1 天以及 PVD ​​的产后 7 和 35 天高于健康奶牛。PVD 的白蛋白浓度在产后 14 ± 1 天时低于健康人，而 SCE 的白蛋白浓度在产后 35 天时低于健康人。产犊前一周，SCE 的总钙含量低于健康奶牛，产后 7 天和 14 ± 1 天 PVD ​​的总钙含量低于健康奶牛。在产后 14±1 d，与 PVD ​​或健康奶牛相比，SCE 的血清 NEFA、BHB 和球蛋白较高，而 IGF-1 较低。对于所有其他代谢物，未发现差异。在诊断前，PVD 或 SCE 比健康奶牛有更多的产后全身炎症迹象（高 Hp 和低白蛋白），SCE 的能量状态标志物比 PVD ​​或健康奶牛更容易受到损害。这支持了 SCE 与产后代谢需求适应不良和代谢炎症有关的假设。