Blockchain possesses potential for enabling secure data sharing of industrial big data generated by the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, the existing data-sharing schemes based on blockchain secure only the data exchange process between the data-sharing parties; they do not consider the efficiency of data sharing at all. In this study, we propose a data-sharing scheme based on blockchain that comprehensively considers the security and efficiency of data sharing. In this scheme, a secure data-sharing framework is designed based on identity authentication and Hyperledger Fabric to ensure the security of data sharing. We also propose a community detection algorithm to divide the clients into different data-sharing communities according to the similarity of label data. The scope of data sharing is selected according to the results of the community detection evaluated by the sharing degree, which can effectively narrow the scope of query-shared data and improve the efficiency of data sharing. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is effective for secure and efficient data sharing among different clients.

区块链具有实现工业物联网（IIoT）生成的工业大数据的安全数据共享的潜力。但是，现有的基于区块链的数据共享方案只能保证数据共享方之间的数据交换过程。他们根本没有考虑数据共享的效率。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种基于区块链的数据共享方案，该方案综合考虑了数据共享的安全性和效率。在该方案中，基于身份认证和Hyperledger Fabric设计了一个安全的数据共享框架，以确保数据共享的安全性。我们还提出了一种社区检测算法，根据标签数据的相似性将客户划分为不同的数据共享社区。根据共享度评估的社区检测结果选择数据共享的范围，可以有效缩小查询共享数据的范围，提高数据共享的效率。实验结果表明，该方案对于不同客户端之间安全有效的数据共享是有效的。