For the first time, this study evaluates consumer exposure via poultry meat to Enterobacteriaceae with capacity to develop severe extraintestinal infections by either bacterial virulence and/or antibiotic resistance traits. The characterization of 256 isolates and the assessment of five parameters, showed that 96 of 100 poultry meat samples from supermarkets of northwest Spain posed ≥ one potential risk: i) 96% carried Enterobacteriaceae resistant to antimicrobials of categories A (64% to monobactams) or B (95% to cephalosporins 3rd and 4rd- generation, quinolones and/or polymixins) of the new categorization of EMA. ii) More than one extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae species were recovered from 28% of poultry meat. iii) High-risk lineages of E. coli, including multidrug-resistant ST131-H22, were present in 62% of samples. iv) E. coli recovered from 25% of samples conformed the ExPEC status. v) E. coli from 17% of samples satisfied the UPEC status. Of note, the recovery from different samples of two E. coli CC10-A (CH11-54) carrying mcr-1.1-bearing IncX4 plasmids, and four E. coli CC10-A (eae-beta1) of the hybrid pathotype aEPEC/ExPEC. (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae were isolated from 27% of samples. In summary, poultry meat microbiota is a source of genetically diverse Enterobacteriaceae, resistant to relevant antimicrobials and potentially pathogenic for consumers.

这项研究首次评估了消费者通过禽肉接触肠杆菌科细菌的能力，这种能力可通过细菌毒力和/或抗生素抗性性状发展为严重的肠外感染。256种分离物的表征和5个参数的评估表明，来自西班牙西北部超市的100种家禽肉样品中有96种构成了≥1种潜在风险：i）96％的肠杆菌科细菌对A类抗菌素具有抵抗力（对单杆菌素有64％）或EMA的新分类中的B（第3代和第4代头孢菌素，喹诺酮和/或多合蛋白的95％）。ii）从28％的禽肉中回收了一种以上的产生广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的肠杆菌科细菌。iii）大肠杆菌的高风险谱系包括多药耐药性ST131- H 22在内的样本中有62％存在。iv）从25％的样品中回收的大肠杆菌符合ExPEC状态。v）17％的样品中的大肠杆菌符合UPEC状态。值得注意的是，从两种不同的样品中回收大肠杆菌CC10-A（CH11-54）携带MCR-1.1荷瘤IncX4质粒，和四个大肠杆菌CC10-A（EAE -beta1）混合致病型aEPEC / ExPEC能的。从27％的样品中分离出了产生（ESBL）的肺炎克雷伯菌。总之，禽肉微生物群是遗传多样的肠杆菌科的一种来源， 对相关的抗生素具有抗药性，对消费者具有潜在的致病性。