This study investigates hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality using 64 groundwater samples in the epithermal mineralization bearing Kestanelik Sub Basin, NW Turkey. The groundwater dominantly exhibits a mixed-ion hydrochemical facies characterized by Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-HCO3_, Ca-Mg--HCO₃-SO₄ and Ca-Mg-Na-HCO₃ reflecting weakly mineralized waters circulating within calcareous sandstone and colluvium. The molar ratios of (Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)/(SO₄^2-+HCO₃^-) and Na⁺/Cl^-ratios and the linear plot between (Na⁺+K⁺)-Cl^- and (Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)-(HCO₃^-+SO₄^2-) indicate that of dissolution of carbonates and silicate weathering, ion and reverse ion exchange processes influence the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater sources. Three and four factors account with 84.48 and 75.27 % of the total variance for spring and well waters, respectively. FC1 in the groundwater samples is described by strong loadings of TH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃^-, Ba, TDS, Cl^-, EC and SO₄^2-, and moderate loading of Na⁺, Mn, K⁺, TDS, pH. FC2 in the samples has strong positive loadings on Al, Fe, Zn, Na⁺, SO₄^2-, Cl^- and moderate positive loadings on B, TDS and K⁺. FC3 shows strong positive loading on Cu, Al, DO and moderate factor loadings for Fe in the well water samples. FC4 exhibits high positive loadings for As, Zn, and moderate positive loading for EC. Geochemical variables of FC 1, 2, 3 and 4 for the groundwater indicates mixed geogenic source of groundwater contamination through water-rock interaction processes dominantly from (i) the calcareous sandstone, serpentinite and colluvium lithologies and (ii) quartz, illite, pyrite and iron oxide minerals sourced from epithermal mineralization in the area. pH and As values exceed the desirable limits of WHO and TSE 266 guidelines for drinking purpose. The tritium levels show that some well waters have experienced longer water-rock interaction and residence time and are thus recharged from older groundwater sources compared to other well and spring waters.

这项研究调查了土耳其西北部Kestanelik Sub Basin的超热矿化过程中使用64个地下水样品控制地下水质量的水文地球化学过程。地下水主要表现出以Ca-Mg-HCO3，Mg-Ca-HCO3 _， Ca-Mg-HCO ₃ -SO ₄和Ca-Mg-Na-HCO _3为特征的混合离子水相，反映了钙质中循环的弱矿化水。砂岩和洞穴。（Ca的摩尔比²⁺ + Mg的²⁺）/（SO ₄ ²⁺ HCO ₃ ^- ）和Na ⁺ /氯^-比和之间的线性图（钠⁺ + K⁺）-Cl ^-和（CA ²⁺ + Mg的²⁺） - （HCO ₃ ^- + SO ₄ ^2-）表明碳酸酯的溶解和硅酸盐风化，离子和反向离子交换过程影响的地下水源的水文。三个因素和四个因素分别占春季和井水总变化的84.48％和75.27％。FC1地下水样品中由TH，钙的强负载描述²⁺，镁²⁺，HCO ₃ ^- ，钡，TDS，氯^-，EC和SO ₄ ^2-，和Na的中等负荷⁺，锰，K ⁺，TDS，pH。FC2的样品中有铝，铁，锌，钠强阳性负荷⁺，SO ₄ ^2-，氯^-和中度上B，TDS和K正载荷⁺。FC3在井水样品中对Cu，Al，DO表现出强烈的正负荷，对Fe表现出中等的负荷。FC4对As，Zn表现出较高的正负荷，对EC表现出适度的正负荷。地下水的FC 1、2、3和4的地球化学变量表明，通过水-岩相互作用过程，地下水污染的混合成因源主要来自（i）钙质砂岩，蛇纹岩和蛇纹岩岩性，以及（ii）石英，伊利石，黄铁矿和来自该地区超热矿化的氧化铁矿物。pH和As值超过了WHO和TSE 266饮用指导原则的理想限值。levels水平表明，与其他井水和泉水相比，某些井水经历了更长的水-岩相互作用和停留时间，因此可以从较旧的地下水源中补给。