Abstract In a blast furnace (BF), faults are difficult to be diagnosed because of the severe environment inside a BF. Most proposed methods for BF fault diagnosis just diagnose states of a BF by short-time-scale data. However, the probability of faults is also related to the long-time-scale running state of a BF. This paper presents a two-layer fault diagnosis method for BFs on multiple time scales. First, the deterioration trend of a BF is analyzed and the deterioration degree is calculated on a long time scale. Then, an improved Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence method is designed to diagnose the faults of the BF on a short time scale. The conflicts of evidence are reduced by incorporating the deterioration degree. The paper explains how D–S theory can be extended to reduce the conflicts of evidence by incorporating the deterioration degree of a BF. The improved D–S method accounts for the different time scales compared with the conventional one. Finally, experiment results based on real running data show that the method reduces the conflict of evidence and improves diagnosis accuracy.

中文翻译：

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基于多时间尺度证据冲突减少的高炉两层故障诊断方法

摘要 在高炉（BF）中，由于高炉内部环境恶劣，故障诊断难度大。大多数提出的 BF 故障诊断方法只是通过短时间尺度的数据来诊断 BF 的状态。然而，故障发生的概率也与高炉长时间尺度的运行状态有关。本文提出了一种多时间尺度下BFs的两层故障诊断方法。首先，分析高炉的劣化趋势，计算长时间尺度下的劣化程度。然后，设计了一种改进的 Dempster-Shafer (D-S) 证据方法来在短时间内诊断 BF 的故障。通过纳入恶化程度来减少证据冲突。该论文解释了如何通过结合 BF 的恶化程度来扩展 D-S 理论以减少证据冲突。与传统方法相比，改进的 D-S 方法考虑了不同的时间尺度。最后，基于真实运行数据的实验结果表明，该方法减少了证据的冲突，提高了诊断的准确性。