Here, the effects of copper stress (CS) on biomass accumulation, physiological parameters of oxidative stress and flavonoid production were investigated in Belamcanda chinensis calli. They were subjected to copper chloride treatments, and the corresponding responses were continuously monitored. Both concentration- and time-dependent physiological changes were uncovered using a multi-index evaluation. The changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities could be divided into rising and descending stages, with the strongest activities occurring on d 28 and 35, respectively. Similar changes were observed in total flavonoid production, but the maximum yields occurred on different days at different copper chloride concentrations. During the experiment, the level of proline, which functioned in the early stage, declined and was replaced by other protective mechanisms, such as those provided by SOD and GPX, in the late stage. The SOD activity increased along with the copper concentration. However, the GPX activity decreased as the copper concentration increased. Proline’s trend was similar to that of GPX in the early stage but resembled that of SOD in the late stage. Notably, the contents and numbers of flavonoids increased as the copper concentration increased. When the concentration was 200 mg L⁻¹, 11 kinds of flavonoids were generated at the milligram level, which indicates that this approach is potentially valuable for producing biologically active flavonoids. Finally, using a comprehensive analysis of the measured parameters, we concluded that plant cells resisted copper stress by activating multiple antioxidative defense mechanisms in a specific order and complementary manner.

在这里，研究了铜胁迫（Belamcanda chinensis）对铜胁迫（CS）对生物量积累，氧化胁迫的生理参数和类黄酮产生的影响。卡利 他们接受氯化铜处理，并不断监测相应的反应。使用多指标评估发现浓度和时间依赖性生理变化。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和愈创木酚过氧化物酶（GPX）活性的变化可分为上升和下降阶段，其中最强的活性分别发生在d 28和35。在总类黄酮生产中观察到类似的变化，但是在不同的氯化铜浓度下，最大产量出现在不同的日子。在实验过程中，早期起作用的脯氨酸水平下降，并在后期被其他保护机制（如SOD和GPX提供的保护机制）所取代。SOD活性随铜浓度的增加而增加。然而，GPX活性随铜浓度的增加而降低。脯氨酸的趋势在早期类似于GPX，但在后期类似于SOD。值得注意的是，类黄酮的含量和数量随着铜浓度的增加而增加。当浓度为200 mg L^-1，在毫克水平上产生了11种类黄酮，这表明该方法对于生产具有生物活性的类黄酮具有潜在的价值。最后，通过对测量参数的全面分析，我们得出结论，植物细胞通过以特定顺序和互补方式激活多种抗氧化防御机制来抵抗铜胁迫。