Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, has been one of the most problematic diseases affecting the poultry industry worldwide. Conventional vaccines provide effective protection for birds to survive ND outbreaks, but they may not completely suppress NDV shedding. NDV strains circulate on farms for a long time after the initial infection and cause potential risks. A new vaccine with fast clearance ability and low viral shedding is needed. In this study, we used interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an adjuvant and electroporation (EP) as an advanced delivery system to improve a DNA vaccine candidate. The fusion (F) protein gene from an NDV strain of the prevalent genotype VII.1.1 was cloned to prepare the vaccine. Chickens immunized with the F gene DNA vaccine co-delivered with an IL-12-expressing plasmid DNA showed higher neutralizing antibody levels and stronger concanavalin-A-induced lymphocyte proliferation than those treated with the F gene DNA vaccine alone. The co-delivered vaccine provided 100% protection, and less viral shedding and a shorter release time were observed in challenged chickens than when the F gene DNA vaccine was administered alone. The use of F gene DNA combined with IL-12 delivered by electroporation is a promising approach for vaccination against ND.

由强毒新城疫病毒（NDV）株引起的新城疫（ND）已成为影响全球家禽业的最成问题的疾病之一。常规疫苗为禽类在ND暴发中存活提供了有效的保护，但它们可能无法完全抑制NDV的脱落。初次感染后，NDV菌株在农场上流通很长时间，并造成潜在风险。需要一种具有快速清除能力和低病毒脱落的新疫苗。在这项研究中，我们使用白介素12（IL-12）作为佐剂，并使用电穿孔（EP）作为先进的递送系统来改善候选DNA疫苗。克隆来自流行基因型VII.1.1的NDV毒株的融合蛋白基因，以制备疫苗。与单独用F基因DNA疫苗治疗的鸡相比，用与IL-12表达质粒DNA共递送的F基因DNA疫苗免疫的鸡显示出更高的中和抗体水平和更强的伴刀豆球蛋白A诱导的淋巴细胞增殖。与单独施用F基因DNA疫苗相比，共同提供的疫苗可提供100％的保护，并且在受攻击的鸡中观察到更少的病毒脱落和更短的释放时间。F基因DNA与通过电穿孔递送的IL-12结合使用是一种针对ND疫苗的有前途的方法。与单独施用F基因DNA疫苗相比，在受攻击的鸡中观察到了更少的病毒脱落和更短的释放时间。F基因DNA与通过电穿孔递送的IL-12结合使用是一种针对ND疫苗的有前途的方法。与单独施用F基因DNA疫苗相比，在受攻击的鸡中观察到了更少的病毒脱落和更短的释放时间。F基因DNA与通过电穿孔递送的IL-12结合使用是一种针对ND疫苗的有前途的方法。