Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3-PUFA) are widely reported to improve obesity-associated metabolic impairments, in part, through the regulation of adipokine and cytokine secretion from white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms by which N3-PUFA influence WAT endocrine function remain poorly described. Available evidence supports that N3-PUFA and related bioactive lipid mediators regulate several intracellular pathways that converge on two important transcription factors: PPAR-γ and NF-κB. Further, N3-PUFA signaling through GPR120 appears integral for the regulation of adipokine and cytokine production. This review collates insights from in vitro and in vivo studies using genetic and chemical inhibition of key signaling proteins to describe the pathways by which N3-PUFA regulate WAT endocrine function. Existing gaps in knowledge and opportunities to advance our understanding in this area are also highlighted.

中文翻译：

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N3-PUFA 调节白色脂肪组织内分泌功能的机制。

Omega-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (N3-PUFA) 被广泛报道可改善肥胖相关的代谢障碍，部分原因是通过调节白色脂肪组织 (WAT) 的脂肪因子和细胞因子分泌。然而，N3-PUFA 影响 WAT 内分泌功能的确切潜在分子机制仍不清楚。现有证据支持 N3-PUFA 和相关的生物活性脂质介质调节几种细胞内途径，这些途径集中在两个重要的转录因子上：PPAR-γ 和 NF-κB。此外，通过 GPR120 的 N3-PUFA 信号似乎是调节脂肪因子和细胞因子产生不可或缺的一部分。这篇综述整理了体外和体内研究的见解，这些研究使用关键信号蛋白的遗传和化学抑制来描述 N3-PUFA 调节 WAT 内分泌功能的途径。