Background: Chitin stands at second, after cellulose, as the most abundant polysaccharide in the world. Chitin is found naturally in marine environments as it is a crucial structural component of various marine organisms.

Methods: Different amounts of waste chitin and chitosan can be discovered in the environment. Chitinase producing microbes help to hydrolyze chitin waste to play an essential function for the removal of chitin pollution in the Marine Atmosphere. Chitin can be converted by using chemical and biological methods into prominent derivate chitosan. Numerous bacteria naturally have chitin degrading ability.

Results: Chitin shows promise in terms of biocompatibility, low toxicity, complete biodegradability, nontoxicity, and film-forming capability. The application of these polymers in the different sectors of biomedical, food, agriculture, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals could be lucrative. Moreover, the most recent achievement in nanotechnology is based on chitin and chitosan-based materials.

Conclusion: In this review, we examine chitin in terms of its natural sources and different extraction methods, chitinase producing microbes and chitin, chitosan together with its derivatives for use in biomedical and agricultural applications.

背景：甲壳素位居第二，仅次于纤维素，是世界上含量最丰富的多糖。几丁质天然存在于海洋环境中，因为它是各种海洋生物的重要结构成分。

方法：在环境中可以发现不同数量的废甲壳素和壳聚糖。产生几丁质酶的微生物有助于水解几丁质废物，为去除海洋大气中的几丁质污染发挥重要作用。几丁质可以通过化学和生物方法转化为突出的衍生物壳聚糖。许多细菌天然具有降解几丁质的能力。

结果：几丁质在生物相容性、低毒性、完全生物降解性、无毒和成膜能力方面显示出前景。这些聚合物在生物医学、食品、农业、化妆品、制药等不同领域的应用可能是有利可图的。此外，纳米技术的最新成果是基于几丁质和壳聚糖材料。

结论：在这篇综述中，我们从几丁质的天然来源和不同的提取方法、几丁质酶产生微生物和几丁质、壳聚糖及其衍生物在生物医学和农业应用方面进行了研究。