BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent research has suggested that metacognitions may play a role across the spectrum of addictive behaviours, including problematic use of technological devices. Metacognitions associated with problematic Smartphone use (PSU) have been scarcely investigated and measures to assess these beliefs are not yet available. The goal of the present study was: (i) to develop the first self-report scale of metacognitions about Smartphone use; and (ii) to investigate its predictive validity with respect to PSU. METHODS Twenty-four items concerning positive and negative metacognitions about PSU were framed and administered to a community sample of 701 Smartphone users (F = 66.2%; mean age: 28.08 ± 9.81; age range: 15-70). An exploratory factor analysis was first performed in a randomly allocated subsample of 350 participants. A confirmative factor analysis was then computed on a second subsample of 351 participants to test the fit of the factor structure identified. RESULTS Findings revealed a 3-factor solution consisting of positive metacognitions concerning emotional and cognitive regulation, positive metacognitions concerning social advantages, and negative metacognitions about uncontrollability and cognitive harm of Smartphone use. Regression analysis showed that all the Metacognitions about Smartphone Use Questionnaire (MSUQ) factors were significantly associated to PSU independently of anxiety and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The MSUQ might be a promising self-report measure and further support research into the role of metacognition in technological addictions.

中文翻译：

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有关智能手机使用问题的元认知：制定自我报告措施。

背景和目的最近的研究表明，元认知可能在各种成瘾行为中起作用，包括技术设备的使用问题。很少研究与智能手机使用有问题（PSU）相关的元认知，并且尚没有评估这些信念的措施。本研究的目标是：（i）建立关于智能手机使用的元认知的第一个自我报告量表；（ii）研究其对PSU的预测有效性。方法对涉及PSU的正面和负面元认知的二十四个项目进行了框架设计，并向701名智能手机用户的社区样本进行了管理（F = 66.2％；平均年龄：28.08±9.81；年龄范围：15-70）。探索性因素分析首先在350名参与者的随机分配子样本中进行。然后，在351名参与者的第二个子样本上计算出验证性因素分析，以测试确定的因素结构的适合性。结果调查结果揭示了一个三因素解决方案，其中包括有关情绪和认知调节的积极元认知，有关社会优势的积极元认知以及关于智能手机使用的不可控制性和认知危害的消极元认知。回归分析表明，所有关于智能手机使用问卷（MSUQ）因素的元认知都与PSU显着相关，而与焦虑和抑郁症状无关。结论MSUQ可能是一种有前途的自我报告方法，并进一步支持对元认知在技术成瘾中的作用的研究。