Biomass and grain yield are key agronomic traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor); however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these traits are not well understood. Here, we characterized the biomass yield 1 (by1) mutant, which displays a dramatically altered phenotype that includes reduced plant height, narrow stems, erect and narrow leaves, and abnormal floral organs. Histological analysis suggested that these phenotypic defects are mainly caused by inhibited cell elongation and abnormal floral organ development. Map-based cloning revealed that BY1 encodes a 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) that catalyses the first step of the shikimate pathway. BY1 was localized in chloroplasts and was ubiquitously distributed in the organs examined, particularly in the roots, stems, leaves, and panicles, which was consistent with its role in biomass production and grain yield. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling revealed that BY1 was involved in primary metabolism and that it affected the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that BY1 affects biomass and grain yield in sorghum by regulating primary and secondary metabolism via the shikimate pathway. Moreover, our results provide important insights into the relationship between plant development and metabolism.

中文翻译：

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BIOMASS YIELD 1通过the草酸途径调节高粱生物量和谷物产量。

生物量和产量是高粱（键农艺性状高粱）; 然而，调节这些特性的分子机制尚不十分清楚。在这里，我们表征了生物量产量1（by1）突变体，它表现出显着改变的表型，包括降低的植物高度，狭窄的茎，直立和狭窄的叶子以及异常的花器官。组织学分析表明，这些表型缺陷主要是由于细胞伸长受抑制和花器官发育异常引起的。基于图的克隆显示BY1编码3-deoxy-D-阿拉伯糖-庚酸7-磷酸合酶（DAHPS）催化the草酸途径的第一步。BY1位于叶绿体中，并普遍分布在所检查的器官中，尤其是在根，茎，叶和穗中，这与其在生物量生产和谷物产量中的作用一致。转录组分析和代谢谱分析表明，BY1参与了初级代谢，并影响了各种次级代谢产物（尤其是类黄酮）的生物合成。综上所述，这些发现表明BY1通过the草酸途径调节一次和二次代谢，从而影响高粱的生物量和谷物产量。此外，我们的结果提供了关于植物发育与代谢之间关系的重要见解。