Shoot architecture is a key component of the interactions between plants and their environment. We present a novel model of grass, which fully integrates shoot morphogenesis and the metabolism of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) at organ scale, within a three-dimensional representation of plant architecture. Plant morphogenesis is seen as a self-regulated system driven by two main mechanisms. First, the rate of organ extension and the establishment of architectural traits are regulated by concentrations of C and N metabolites in the growth zones and the temperature. Second, the timing of extension is regulated by rules coordinating successive phytomers instead of a thermal time schedule. Local concentrations are calculated from a model of C and N metabolism at organ scale. The three-dimensional representation allows the accurate calculation of light and temperature distribution within the architecture. The model was calibrated for wheat (Triticum aestivum) and evaluated for early vegetative stages. This approach allowed the simulation of realistic patterns of leaf dimensions, extension dynamics, and organ mass and composition. The model simulated, as emergent properties, plant and agronomic traits. Metabolic activities of growing leaves were investigated in relation to whole-plant functioning and environmental conditions. The current model is an important step towards a better understanding of the plasticity of plant phenotype in different environments.

中文翻译：

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基于代谢调节和协调规则的草发育功能结构模型。

枝条建筑是植物与其环境之间相互作用的关键组成部分。我们提出了一种新型的草模型，该模型在植物结构的三维表示中完全整合了芽的形态发生以及器官规模的碳（C）和氮（N）的代谢。植物形态发生被认为是由两个主要机制驱动的自我调节系统。首先，器官生长的速率和建筑特征的建立受生长区中碳和氮代谢产物浓度和温度的调节。其次，扩展的时间由协调连续的phytomer的规则而不是热时间表来控制。根据器官规模的C和N代谢模型计算局部浓度。三维表示允许在建筑内精确计算光和温度分布。该模型已针对小麦进行了校准（普通小麦）并进行营养早期评估。这种方法可以模拟叶片尺寸，伸展动态以及器官质量和组成的现实模式。该模型模拟了植物和农艺性状作为紧急特性。研究了与整个植物功能和环境条件有关的叶片生长的代谢活性。当前模型是更好地了解不同环境中植物表型可塑性的重要一步。