Although concentrated growth factor (CGF) is known to promote gingival regeneration and improve the outcomes of clinical treatment, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of CGF on gingival thickening. To this end, gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) were treated with different concentrations of CGF, and the effects of CGF on cell proliferation and migration; collagen-1 (Col-1), fibronectin (FN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) expression; and the AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) signalling pathways were investigated. The effects of CGF in vivo were also investigated in a rat buccal gingival injection model. GMSCs cultured with CGF showed improved cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, CGF treatment improved the levels of FN, Col-1, VEGF, and ANG-1. These effects of CGF were mediated by the AKT/Wnt and YAP pathways, with the AKT pathway possibly functioning upstream of the Wnt/β-catenin and YAP pathways. YAP was also shown to be overexpressed in the in vivo model. Thus, CGF can promote gingival regeneration, and YAP transport into the nucleus may be a key factor underlying this activity, which provides a novel perspective for gingival regeneration and further promotion of the clinical application of CGF.

中文翻译：

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浓缩的生长因子通过AKT / Wnt /β-catenin和YAP信号通路促进牙龈再生。

尽管已知浓缩生长因子（CGF）促进牙龈再生并改善临床治疗效果，但其作用机理尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在阐明CGF对牙龈增厚的影响。为此，用不同浓度的CGF处理牙龈间充质干细胞（GMSC），以及CGF对细胞增殖和迁移的影响。胶原蛋白1（Col-1），纤连蛋白（FN），血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和血管生成素1（Ang-1）的表达；并研究了AKT，Wnt /β-catenin和Yes-associated蛋白（YAP）信号通路。还在大鼠颊齿龈注射模型中研究了CGF在体内的作用。用CGF培养的GMSC显示出改善的细胞增殖和迁移。此外，CGF治疗可改善FN，Col-1，VEGF和ANG-1的水平。CGF的这些作用是由AKT / Wnt和YAP途径介导的，AKT途径可能在Wnt /β-catenin和YAP途径的上游起作用。还显示了YAP在体内模型中过表达。因此，CGF可以促进牙龈再生，而YAP转运​​入细胞核可能是这一活性的关键因素，这为牙龈再生和进一步促进CGF的临床应用提供了新的视角。