Exosomes are cell-derived membranous vesicles of endosomal origin secreted by all type of cells and present in various body fluids. Exosomes are enriched in peptides, lipids, and nucleic acids, emerging as vital modulators in intercellular communication. Exosomes are increasingly being evaluated as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, because the constituents of exosomes could be reprogrammed depending on the states of diseases. These features also make exosomes a research hotspot in oral diseases in recent years. In this review, we outlined the characteristics of exosomes, focused on the differential expressions and altered biological functions of exosomes in oral diseases, including oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia, periodontitis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, oral lichen planus, as well as hand foot and mouth disease. Besides, accumulated evidence documents that it is implementable to consider the natural nanostructured exosomes as a new strategy for disease treatment. Herein, we highlighted the therapeutic potential of exosomes in oral tissue regeneration, oncotherapy, wound healing, and their superiority as therapeutic drug delivery vehicles.

中文翻译：

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外泌体在人类口腔疾病中的新兴功能和临床应用。


外泌体是由所有类型的细胞分泌的内体来源的细胞源性膜囊泡，存在于各种体液中。外泌体富含肽、脂质和核酸，成为细胞间通讯的重要调节剂。外泌体越来越多地被评估为疾病诊断和预后的生物标志物，因为外泌体的成分可以根据疾病的状态进行重新编程。这些特性也使得外泌体成为近年来口腔疾病的研究热点。在这篇综述中，我们概述了外泌体的特点，重点关注了外泌体在口腔疾病中的差异表达和生物学功能的改变，包括口腔鳞状细胞癌、口腔白斑、牙周炎、原发性干燥综合征、口腔扁平苔藓以及手足病和口腔疾病。此外，积累的证据表明，将天然纳米结构外泌体视为疾病治疗的新策略是可行的。在此，我们强调了外泌体在口腔组织再生、肿瘤治疗、伤口愈合中的治疗潜力及其作为治疗药物递送载体的优越性。