Slip outcomes are categorized as either a backward loss of balance (LOB) or a no loss of balance (no-LOB) in which an individual does not take a backward step to regain their stability. LOB includes falls and nonfalls, while no-LOB includes skate overs and walkovers. Researchers are uncertain about which factors determine slip outcomes and at which critical instants they do so. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors affecting slip outcomes in proactive and early reactive phases by analyzing 136 slip trials from 68 participants (age: 72.2 [5.3] y, female: 22). Segment angles and average joint moments in the sagittal plane of the slipping limb were compared for different slip outcomes. The results showed that knee flexor, hip extensor, and plantar flexor moments were significantly larger for no-LOB than for LOB in the midproactive phase, leading to smaller shank-ground and foot-ground angles at the slip onset, based on forward dynamics. In the early reactive phase, the hip extensor and plantar flexor moments were larger for no-LOB than for LOB, and all segment angles were smaller for no-LOB. Our findings indicate that the shank angle and knee moment were the major determinants of slip outcomes in both proactive and reactive phases.

滑倒结果可分为向后失去平衡 (LOB) 或不失去平衡 (no-LOB)，其中个体不后退一步以恢复稳定。LOB 包括跌倒和非跌倒，而 no-LOB 包括溜冰过人和过人过人。研究人员不确定哪些因素决定滑倒结果以及在哪些关键时刻决定滑倒结果。该研究的目的是通过分析 68 名参与者（年龄：72.2 [5.3] 岁，女性：22）的 136 项滑倒试验，调查影响主动阶段和早期反应阶段滑倒结果的因素。比较不同滑动结果的滑动肢体矢状面的节段角度和平均关节力矩。结果表明，在主动中期，无 LOB 时的膝屈肌、髋伸肌和跖屈肌力矩明显大于 LOB，从而根据前向动力学，导致滑倒开始时小腿与地面和足部与地面的角度更小。在反应早期，no-LOB 的髋部伸肌和跖屈力矩大于 LOB，且所有节段角度均较小。我们的研究结果表明，小腿角度和膝部力矩是主动阶段和反应阶段滑动结果的主要决定因素。