Diabetes and tobacco use are two of the largest public health challenges of our time. We aim to investigate the association between the two by comparing biochemical profiles of diabetic tobacco users (TUs) and tobacco nonus-ers (TNUs) to provide insight into the joint effect of tobacco and diabetes on body systems. This case-controlled study included 265 subjects, aged 18-60 yr, from the suburban population of Delhi, India. With the help of a questionnaire, participants are interviewed regarding their history of tobacco use. Results show association of tobacco use with elevated body-mass index, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in otherwise healthy and diabetic TUs. Even without previous history of coronary heart disease, total cholesterol and triglycerides are significantly further increased in TUs rather than in TNUs, indicative of initiation of lipid metabolism disorders. Tobacco use is also seen as a cause of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the body. Low serum albumin coupled with increased markers of inflammation and globulin levels is an indicator of generalized inflammation caused by tobacco's toxic effects. Creatinine levels are significantly higher in diabetic TUs, posing a threat to nephropathy progression. Evidence sufficiently infers that tobacco activates multiple biological pathways, through which the risk of metabolic disease increases. These factors may work in conjunction to increase risk of certain microvascular and macrovascular complications.

中文翻译：

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烟草对健康和 2 型糖尿病受试者生化参数的影响。


糖尿病和烟草使用是我们这个时代最大的两个公共卫生挑战。我们的目的是通过比较糖尿病烟草使用者（TU）和不吸烟者（TNU）的生化特征来调查两者之间的关联，以深入了解烟草和糖尿病对身体系统的联合影响。这项病例对照研究包括 265 名年龄在 18 岁至 60 岁之间的受试者，他们来自印度德里郊区。在问卷的帮助下，参与者接受关于他们的烟草使用史的采访。结果显示，在健康和糖尿病患者中，吸烟与体重指数升高、血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗相关。即使既往没有冠心病病史，TU 中的总胆固醇和甘油三酯也比 TNU 中显着进一步升高，表明脂质代谢紊乱的开始。吸烟也被视为导致体内氧化剂/抗氧化剂失衡的原因。低血清白蛋白加上炎症标志物和球蛋白水平升高是烟草毒性作用引起全身炎症的指标。糖尿病肾病患者的肌酐水平显着升高，对肾病进展构成威胁。有充分证据表明，烟草激活多种生物途径，从而增加代谢疾病的风险。这些因素可能共同作用，增加某些微血管和大血管并发症的风险。