Retrograde backflow of cecum chyme and consequent ascendent colonization of the foregut may occur via the ileocecal valve (IV) under predisposing circumstances. The Peyer's patches (PPs) in the terminal ileum (TI) play a crucial role in targeting antigens and act as a first line of blockage of pathogens in the small intestine. In view of the established impact of the physical form of the diet (grinding and compaction of ingredients) on the physicochemical and microbiological composition of digesta throughout the different gastrointestinal tracts, special attention was paid to PP reaction following different dietary treatments. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different physical forms of one diet (identical for botanical and chemical composition) administered to growing pigs on macro- and microscopic morphology of PPs in the last 3 cm of the TI, as a region of interest immediately close to the IV involved in the prevention of retrograde contamination of the small intestine. The diet effect was tested after 4 weeks of experimental feeding on PPs of 32 growing pigs, fed with four dietary treatments differing for the physical form: FP-finely ground pelleted diet (dMEAN, 0.463 mm); CM-coarsely ground meal diet (dMEAN, 0.880 mm); CP-coarsely ground pelleted diet (dMEAN, 0.836); and CE-coarsely ground extruded diet (dMEAN, 0.659). A higher prevalence of subluminal focal liquefactive necrosis (FLN) in the last 3 cm of the TI was observed in pigs fed with the CE and the FP diet (n. 3/8 or 37.5% and n. = 1/8 or 12.5%, respectively) (p = 0.076). FLN negatively and significantly correlated with the pH value of digesta of the last part of the small intestine (ρ = -0.361; p = 0.026). All animals enrolled appeared clinically healthy throughout the trial. Growth performance were not affected by the different dietary treatments, but fecal dry matter and pH values were affected in a significant way. Results about the morphology of PPs assessed in this trial can be suggestive of the physical form of the diet as a contributing factor to the onset of different antigenic potentials of the intestinal chyme.

中文翻译：

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用相同饮食的不同物理形式喂养的猪的回肠末端淋巴结中的腔内局灶性病变。

在易感情况下，盲肠食糜的逆行回流和随之而来的前肠定居可能通过回盲瓣（IV）发生。回肠末端（TI）的Peyer斑块（PPs）在靶向抗原方面起着关键作用，并且是小肠中病原体阻断的第一线。考虑到饮食的物理形式（研磨和压实成分）对整个胃肠道中消化物的理化和微生物组成的影响，特别注意了不同饮食处理后的PP反应。这项研究的目的是探究给成年猪施用的一种不同饮食形式（相同的植物和化学成分）对TI的最后3厘米（PP区域）的PP宏观和微观形态的影响。与预防静脉小肠逆行污染所涉及的静脉注射IV密切相关。在32只生长猪的PPs上实验喂养4周后，对它们的饮食效果进行了测试，这些猪饲喂了四种不同物理形式的饮食方法：FP细磨的颗粒饲料（dMEAN，0.463 mm）；CM-粗磨粉饮食（dMEAN，0.880毫米）; CP粗粒饲料（dMEAN，0.836）; 和CE粗磨挤压饮食（dMEAN，0.659）。在饲喂CE和FP日粮的猪中，在TI的最后3厘米处发现腔内局灶性液化坏死（FLN）的发生率较高（n。3/8或37.5％，n。= 1/8或12.5％） ）（p = 0.076）。FLN与小肠最后部分消化液的pH值呈负相关且显着相关（ρ= -0.361; p = 0.026）。在整个试验过程中，所有纳入的动物在临床上都表现出健康状况。生长性能不受不同饮食方法的影响，但粪便干物质和pH值受到显着影响。在该试验中评估的关于PPs形态的结果可能表明饮食的物理形式是导致肠道食糜具有不同抗原潜能的重要因素。FLN与小肠最后部分消化液的pH值呈负相关且显着相关（ρ= -0.361; p = 0.026）。在整个试验过程中，所有纳入的动物在临床上都表现出健康状况。生长性能不受不同饮食方法的影响，但粪便干物质和pH值受到显着影响。在该试验中评估的关于PPs形态的结果可能表明饮食的物理形式是导致肠道食糜具有不同抗原潜能的重要因素。FLN与小肠最后部分消化液的pH值呈负相关且显着相关（ρ= -0.361; p = 0.026）。在整个试验过程中，所有纳入的动物在临床上都表现出健康状况。生长性能不受不同饮食方法的影响，但粪便干物质和pH值受到显着影响。在该试验中评估的关于PPs形态的结果可能表明饮食的物理形式是导致肠道食糜具有不同抗原潜能的重要因素。但是粪便中的干物质和pH值受到了很大的影响。在该试验中评估的关于PPs形态的结果可能表明饮食的物理形式是导致肠道食糜具有不同抗原潜能的重要因素。但是粪便中的干物质和pH值受到了很大的影响。在该试验中评估的关于PPs形态的结果可以表明饮食的物理形式是导致肠道食糜具有不同抗原潜能的重要因素。