Objective . Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is emerging as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique with superior spatial resolution and the ability to reach deep brain areas. Medical image-based computational modeling could be an important tool for individualized TUS dose control and targeting optimization, but requires further validation. This study aims to assess the impact of the transducer model on the accuracy of the simulations. Approach . Using hydrophone measurements, the acoustic beam of a single-element focused transducer (SEFT) with a flat piezoelectric disc and an acoustic lens was characterized. The acoustic beam was assessed in a homogeneous water bath and after transmission through obstacles (3D-printed shapes and skull samples). The acoustic simulations employed the finite-difference time-domain method and were informed by computed tomography (CT) images of the obstacles. Transducer models of varying complexity were tested ...

中文翻译：

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换能器建模，用于经颅聚焦超声刺激的精确声学模拟。

目标。低强度经颅超声刺激（TUS）作为一种非侵入性的脑刺激技术正在兴起，它具有出色的空间分辨率和到达大脑深部区域的能力。基于医学图像的计算模型可能是进行个性化TUS剂量控制和靶向优化的重要工具，但需要进一步验证。这项研究旨在评估换能器模型对仿真精度的影响。方法。使用水听器测量，对带有平面压电盘和声透镜的单元件聚焦换能器（SEFT）的声束进行了表征。声束在均质的水浴中以及通过障碍物（3D打印的形状和头骨样本）传输后进行评估。声学模拟采用了有限差分时域方法，并从障碍物的计算机断层扫描（CT）图像中获悉。测试了各种复杂程度的换能器模型...