Students’ motivation generally declines over time. Some researchers have suggested that the parallel decline in academic self‐efficacy and values may be as a result of the longitudinal reciprocal relations between these two motivational constructs. However, little empirical evidence has supported this speculation. Further, all prior evidence has been provided based on samples of students from Western countries (Europe, United States).

中文翻译：

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韩国青少年学业自我效能感与数学和英语价值观的纵向关系

随着时间的推移，学生的积极性通常会下降。一些研究人员认为，学业自我效能感和价值观的平行下降可能是这两种动机结构之间纵向相互关系的结果。然而，几乎没有经验证据支持这种推测。此外，所有先前的证据都是根据来自西方国家（欧洲、美国）的学生样本提供的。