The growing utilization of actuarial risk assessment instruments (RAIs) in the American criminal justice system may potentially lead to more restrained, better‐targeted uses of incarceration. However, critics have raised a variety of concerns regarding RAIs and suggested, among other things, that their incorporation into court procedures may tend to dehumanize defendants and exacerbate, rather than alleviate, mass incarceration. In response to such concerns, this article offers recommendations for policy and practice that may help an increasingly risk‐focused criminal justice system to achieve decarceration goals – and to do so without undermining its own legitimacy in the eyes of defendants or the public at large. These recommendations are aimed particularly at judges, in their roles as sentencers and makers of courtroom and courthouse policy.

中文翻译：

---

量刑时的精算风险评估：大规模监禁和合法性的潜在后果。

在美国刑事司法系统中，精算风险评估工具（RAI）的使用不断增加，可能会导致对拘禁的使用更加严格，针对性更强。但是，批评者对RAI提出了种种担忧，并建议除其他外，将RAI纳入法院程序可能会使被告人性化，并加剧而不是减轻大规模监禁。针对此类担忧，本文为政策和实践提供了建议，这些建议可能有助于以风险为中心的刑事司法系统实现监禁目标，并在不损害被告或公众视野的情况下实现其合法性。这些建议特别针对法官，作为法官和法庭和法院政策的制定者。