The past decades of research on predictors of depression have frequently emphasized interactive diathesis-stress questions: What kinds of vulnerabilities under stressful circumstances increase risk of developing depression? This study addresses 3 theoretically important gaps in our knowledge regarding diathesis-stress models of depression: the role of temperament (neuroticism), interactive versus additive effects of neuroticism-stress relationships, and effects of stressor characteristics (acute vs. chronic, major vs. minor events, interpersonal vs. noninterpersonal content). We addressed these gaps in the prediction of major depressive episodes (MDEs) in a sample of high schoolers (n = 559) oversampled for high neuroticism and assessed for presence of MDEs annually for 5 years. Survival analyses provided relatively consistent support for the main effects of the broad vulnerability factor of the general neuroticism factor, acute stressors, and chronic stressors in the prediction of MDEs. In contrast, the majority of our analyses failed to support interactive neuroticism-stress accounts of MDE risk. Integrating our results with the extant literature reinforces the notion that both the general neuroticism factor and stress prospectively predict depressive disorders and highlight that their main effects are significantly larger than their interaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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五年前瞻性神经质-压力对重度抑郁发作的影响：主要是一般神经质因素和压力的累加效应。


过去几十年对抑郁症预测因素的研究经常强调互动素质与压力问题：在压力环境下，什么样的脆弱性会增加患抑郁症的风险？这项研究解决了我们关于抑郁症素质-压力模型的三个理论上的重要差距：气质（神经质）的作用，神经质-压力关系的交互效应与加性效应，以及压力源特征的影响（急性与慢性，严重与慢性）。小事件、人际与非人际内容）。我们针对高中生样本 (n = 559) 进行重度抑郁发作 (MDE) 预测，针对高度神经质进行过采样，并在 5 年内每年评估是否存在 MDE，从而解决了这些差距。生存分析为一般神经质因素、急性应激源和慢性应激源等广泛脆弱性因素在 MDE 预测中的主要影响提供了相对一致的支持。相比之下，我们的大多数分析未能支持 MDE 风险的神经质-压力交互解释。将我们的结果与现有文献相结合，强化了这样一种观念，即一般神经质因素和压力都可以前瞻性地预测抑郁症，并强调它们的主要影响明显大于它们的相互作用。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。