The water quality in a river (water environment) is very important for human health and aquatic organisms. In 2015, the highly regarded Water Resources Management Strategy of Thailand was announced by The Ministry of Industry in Thailand. In this study, the water quality of the Ping river in Northern Thailand, including Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces, was focused on and measured for three different seasons (summer, rainy, and winter seasons). Anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-) and cations (Na+, Mg2+, Si4+, S6+, K+, and Ca2+) were qualified by an ion chromatograph and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, respectively. The concentration of anions and cations (except for Mg2+ and Ca2+) in the Ping river at upstream (countryside) locations were lower than that at downstream (closer main city) locations, which indicated that the fertilizers, industrial or household wastewaters had been flowing into the Ping river at downstream locations. Additionally, the concentration of anions and cations in the rainy season was higher than other seasons. The present results provide the water quality of the Ping river which was not yet reported officially by the Thailand government.

中文翻译：

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在泰国北部不同季节确定坪河的水质。

河流（水环境）中的水质对于人类健康和水生生物至关重要。2015年，泰国工业部宣布了备受推崇的泰国水资源管理战略。在这项研究中，泰国北部平河（包括清迈和南奔府）的水质集中在三个不同的季节（夏季，雨季和冬季）并进行了测量。阴离子（F-，Cl-，NO2-，NO3-和SO42-）和阳离子（Na +，Mg2 +，Si4 +，S6 +，K +和Ca2 +）分别通过离子色谱法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法鉴定。在平河上游（农村）位置的阴离子和阳离子（Mg2 +和Ca2 +除外）的浓度低于下游（主要城市附近）的浓度，这表明化肥，工业或家庭废水已在下游位置流入平河。另外，雨季中阴离子和阳离子的浓度高于其他季节。目前的结果提供了坪河的水质，泰国政府尚未正式报告。