Gut bacteria are predominant microorganisms in the gut microbiota and have been recognized to mediate a variety of biotransformations of xenobiotic compounds in the gut. This review is focused on one of the gut bacterial xenobiotic metabolisms, reduction. Xenobiotics undergo different types of reductive metabolisms depending on chemically distinct groups: azo (-NN-), nitro (-NO₂), alkene (-CC-), ketone (-CO), N-oxide (-NO), and sulfoxide (-SO). In this review, we have provided select examples of drugs in six chemically distinct groups that are known or suspected to be subjected to the reduction by gut bacteria. For some drugs, responsible enzymes in specific gut bacteria have been identified and characterized, but for many drugs, only circumstantial evidence is available that indicates gut bacteria-mediated reductive metabolism. The physiological roles of even known gut bacterial enzymes have not been well defined.

肠道细菌是肠道菌群中的主要微生物，已被公认可介导肠道中异种生物化合物的多种生物转化。这篇评论专注于肠道细菌异种生物的代谢之一，减少。异生素经受不同类型的还原性代谢，这取决于化学上不同的基团：偶氮（-N N - ），硝基（-NO ₂），烯烃（-C C-），酮（-C O），Ñ氧化物（-N Ò ）和亚砜（-SO）。在这篇综述中，我们提供了六个已知或怀疑会被肠道细菌还原的化学上不同的药物类别的精选示例。对于某些药物，已经鉴定并鉴定了特定肠道细菌中负责任的酶，但是对于许多药物，只有间接证据表明肠道细菌介导的还原代谢。甚至已知的肠道细菌酶的生理作用尚未得到很好的定义。