Transport of infected birds is thought to play a key role in the spread of avian influenza (AI) on poultry farms during epizootic outbreaks. Ensuring efficient cleaning and disinfection (C&D) of equipment used for transport is needed to prevent the spread of AI. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy against the AI virus of C&D protocols applied on trucks and crates used for the transport of ducks during the H5N8 AI outbreaks in France in 2017. In 3 abattoirs, 16 transport vehicles and their crates were sampled by swabbing to detect the influenza type A genome by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vehicles were tested before and after decontamination, which was carried out in accordance with the abattoirs' protocols. A total of 86 samples out of 299 collected before C&D were positive for AI (29%); 7 trucks out of 16 transported crates detected positive for AI. After C&D, the AI genome was detected in 56 samples out of 308 (18%). Ten trucks were loaded with a shipment of AI-positive crates. Eight vehicles were detected positive in the cabin, on the truck bed, and/or on the wheels. Despite reinforcement of C&D, the efficacy of decontamination was variable among slaughterhouses. The efficacy seemed to depend on the initial contamination load, C&D protocols, and how the protocol is implemented. Breaks in biosecurity measures led to frequent contamination of trucks after C&D. Observational studies during animal health crises are of interest to analyze practices in emergency conditions and to put forward measures aimed at increased preparedness.

中文翻译：

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用于鸭运输的板条箱和卡车的清洁和消毒：2017年法国H5N8禽流感暴发期间的现场观察。

人们认为，在流行病暴发期间，受感染鸟类的运输在禽流感在禽场的传播中起关键作用。需要确保用于运输的设备的有效清洁和消毒（C＆D），以防止AI传播。这项研究旨在评估2017年法国H5N8禽流感暴发期间卡车和板条箱用于鸭运输的C＆D协议对AI病毒的功效。在3个屠宰场中，通过擦拭采样16种运输工具及其板条箱，通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应检测A型流感基因组。在净化之前和之后对车辆进行了测试，净化是根据屠场的规程进行的。在C＆D之前收集的299个样本中，共有86个样本的AI呈阳性（29％）；16个运输箱中有7辆卡车检测出AI阳性。C＆D之后，在308个样本中有56个样本（18％）检测到AI基因组。十辆卡车装满了一批AI阳性包装箱。在驾驶室，卡车底盘和/或车轮上检测到八辆汽车为阳性。尽管加强了C＆D，但在屠宰场中去污的功效却有所不同。功效似乎取决于初始污染负荷，C＆D协议以及该协议的实施方式。生物安全措施的中断导致在拆建后卡车经常受到污染。动物健康危机期间的观察性研究对于分析紧急情况下的实践并提出旨在提高准备水平的措施很有用。在308个样本中有56个样本（18％）检测到AI基因组。十辆卡车装满了一批AI阳性包装箱。在驾驶室，卡车底盘和/或车轮上检测到八辆汽车为阳性。尽管加强了C＆D，但在屠宰场中去污的效果却有所不同。功效似乎取决于初始污染负荷，C＆D协议以及该协议的实施方式。生物安全措施的中断导致在拆建后卡车经常受到污染。动物健康危机期间的观察性研究对于分析紧急情况下的实践并提出旨在提高防范能力的措施很有意义。在308个样本中有56个样本（18％）检测到AI基因组。十辆卡车装满了一批AI阳性包装箱。在驾驶室，卡车底盘和/或车轮上检测到八辆汽车为阳性。尽管加强了C＆D，但在屠宰场中去污的功效却有所不同。功效似乎取决于初始污染负荷，C＆D协议以及该协议的实施方式。生物安全措施的中断导致在拆建后卡车经常受到污染。动物健康危机期间的观察性研究对于分析紧急情况下的实践并提出旨在提高防范能力的措施很有意义。在卡车底盘和/或车轮上。尽管加强了C＆D，但在屠宰场中去污的功效却有所不同。功效似乎取决于初始污染负荷，C＆D协议以及该协议的实施方式。生物安全措施的中断导致在拆建后卡车经常受到污染。动物健康危机期间的观察性研究对于分析紧急情况下的实践并提出旨在提高准备水平的措施很有用。在卡车底盘和/或车轮上。尽管加强了C＆D，但在屠宰场中去污的功效却有所不同。功效似乎取决于初始污染负荷，C＆D协议以及该协议的实施方式。生物安全措施的中断导致在拆建后卡车经常受到污染。动物健康危机期间的观察性研究对于分析紧急情况下的实践并提出旨在提高防范能力的措施很有意义。