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Assessing disinfection byproduct risks for algal impacted surface waters and the effects of peracetic acid pre-oxidation
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00237b Zachary T. Kralles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Kaoru Ikuma 5, 6, 7, 8 , Ning Dai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00237b Zachary T. Kralles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Kaoru Ikuma 5, 6, 7, 8 , Ning Dai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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This study assessed the disinfection byproduct (DBP) risks of algal impacted surface waters and the effects of peracetic acid (PAA) pre-oxidation on DBP risks. Authentic samples from three eutrophic lakes were collected over a 13-week period during the algal bloom season. The formation of 11 DBPs (four trihalomethanes, four haloacetonitriles, two haloketones, and trichloronitromethane) in these samples was assessed under uniform formation conditions (UFC) approximating drinking water disinfection. Trihalomethanes formed in the greatest abundance (90–370 μg L−1), followed by haloacetonitriles (6.5–87 μg L−1), haloketones (0.4–11.4 μg L−1), and trichloronitromethane (0.3–9.7 μg L−1). Total chlorophyll, a common indicator of algal activity, was not found to correlate with DBP yields. On the other hand, the yields of trichloronitromethane and haloacetonitriles correlated with nitrite/nitrate concentrations and DON concentrations in the samples, respectively. PAA pre-oxidation reduced the formation of trihalomethanes in the subsequent UFC tests in 80% of the samples, but promoted the formation of haloacetonitriles and trichloronitromethane in 70% and 50% of the samples, respectively. Analyses of DOC, DON, SUVA, and fluorescence excitation–emission matrices suggest that PAA pre-oxidation can alter the DBP precursors of a sample through the release of high haloacetonitrile/trichloronitromethane-yielding organic matter from algal cells and the oxidative transformation of existing and newly released dissolved organic matter. The results of this study, obtained from authentic surface water samples, suggest that mixed organic matter dynamics is an important consideration for the DBP risks of algal-impacted waters.
中文翻译：
评估藻类影响的地表水的消毒副产物风险以及过氧乙酸预氧化的影响
这项研究评估了藻类影响的地表水消毒副产物（DBP）的风险以及过氧乙酸（PAA）预氧化对DBP风险的影响。在藻华季节的13周内，从三个富营养化湖泊中收集了真实的样本。在接近饮用水消毒的均匀形成条件（UFC）下评估了这些样品中11种DBP的形成（四种三卤甲烷，四种卤代乙腈，两种卤代酮和三氯硝基甲烷）。三卤甲烷的形成量最大（90–370μgL -1），然后是卤乙腈（6.5–87μgL -1），卤代酮（0.4–11.4μgL -1）和三氯硝基甲烷（0.3–9.7μgL -1））。总的叶绿素，藻类活性的常见指标，未发现与DBP产量相关。另一方面，三氯硝基甲烷和卤代乙腈的产率分别与样品中的亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐浓度和DON浓度相关。在随后的UFC测试中，PAA的预氧化减少了80％的样品中三卤甲烷的形成，但分别促进了70％和50％的样品中卤代乙腈和三氯硝基甲烷的形成。DOC，DON，SUVA和荧光激发-发射矩阵的分析表明，PAA预氧化可通过藻类细胞释放出高卤代乙腈/三氯硝基甲烷的有机物，以及现有和现有物质的氧化转化来改变样品的DBP前体。新释放的溶解有机物。
更新日期：2020-06-08
中文翻译：
评估藻类影响的地表水的消毒副产物风险以及过氧乙酸预氧化的影响
这项研究评估了藻类影响的地表水消毒副产物（DBP）的风险以及过氧乙酸（PAA）预氧化对DBP风险的影响。在藻华季节的13周内，从三个富营养化湖泊中收集了真实的样本。在接近饮用水消毒的均匀形成条件（UFC）下评估了这些样品中11种DBP的形成（四种三卤甲烷，四种卤代乙腈，两种卤代酮和三氯硝基甲烷）。三卤甲烷的形成量最大（90–370μgL -1），然后是卤乙腈（6.5–87μgL -1），卤代酮（0.4–11.4μgL -1）和三氯硝基甲烷（0.3–9.7μgL -1））。总的叶绿素，藻类活性的常见指标，未发现与DBP产量相关。另一方面，三氯硝基甲烷和卤代乙腈的产率分别与样品中的亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐浓度和DON浓度相关。在随后的UFC测试中，PAA的预氧化减少了80％的样品中三卤甲烷的形成，但分别促进了70％和50％的样品中卤代乙腈和三氯硝基甲烷的形成。DOC，DON，SUVA和荧光激发-发射矩阵的分析表明，PAA预氧化可通过藻类细胞释放出高卤代乙腈/三氯硝基甲烷的有机物，以及现有和现有物质的氧化转化来改变样品的DBP前体。新释放的溶解有机物。
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