Successful materials design for bone-tissue engineering requires an understanding of the composition and structure of native bone tissue, as well as appropriate selection of biomimetic natural or tunable synthetic materials (biomaterials), such as polymers, bioceramics, metals and composites. Scalable fabrication technologies that enable control over construct architecture at multiple length scales, including three-dimensional printing and electric-field-assisted techniques, can then be employed to process these biomaterials into suitable forms for bone-tissue engineering. In this Review, we provide an overview of materials-design considerations for bone-tissue-engineering applications in both disease modelling and treatment of injuries and disease in humans. We outline the materials-design pathway from implementation strategy through selection of materials and fabrication methods to evaluation. Finally, we discuss unmet needs and current challenges in the development of ideal materials for bone-tissue regeneration and highlight emerging strategies in the field.

成功的材料设计用于骨组织工程需要天然骨组织，以及仿生天然或可调谐的合成材料（生物材料），例如聚合物，生物陶瓷，金属和复合材料的适当选择的组成和结构的理解。然后，可以采用可扩展的制造技术来实现多种长度尺度上的构造体系控制，包括三维印刷和电场辅助技术，可以用来将这些生物材料加工成适用于骨组织工程的形式。在这篇综述中，我们概述了在疾病建模以及人类受伤和疾病的治疗中骨组织工程应用的材料设计注意事项。我们概述了从实施策略到材料选择和制造方法再到评估的材料设计途径。最后，我们讨论了用于骨组织再生的理想材料的开发中尚未满足的需求和当前的挑战，并重点介绍了该领域的新兴策略。