Emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens infect staple calorie crops and economically important commodity crops, thereby posing a significant risk to global food security. Our current agricultural systems — with emphasis on intensive monoculture practices — and globalized markets drive the emergence and spread of new pathogens and problematic traits, such as fungicide resistance. Climate change further promotes the emergence of pathogens on new crops and in new places. Here we review the factors affecting the introduction and spread of pathogens and current disease control strategies, illustrating these with the historic example of the Irish potato famine and contemporary examples of soybean rust, wheat blast and blotch, banana wilt and cassava root rot. Our Review looks to the future, summarizing what we see as the main challenges and knowledge gaps, and highlighting the direction that research must take to face the challenge of emerging crop pathogens.

新出现的真菌和卵菌病原体感染主要热量作物和经济上重要的商品作物，从而对全球粮食安全构成重大风险。我们当前的农业系统——强调集约化单一栽培实践——和全球化市场推动了新病原体和有问题的特性（如杀菌剂抗性）的出现和传播。气候变化进一步促进了病原体在新作物和新地方的出现。在这里，我们回顾了影响病原体引入和传播的因素以及当前的疾病控制策略，以爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒的历史例子和大豆锈病、小麦稻瘟病和斑点病、香蕉枯萎病和木薯根腐病的当代例子来说明这些因素。我们的评论展望未来，