ABSTRACT Salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellins (GAs), as two important plant growth hormones, play a key role in increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress. They contribute to the increased plant antioxidant activities in ROS scavenging, which is related to the enzymes involved in H2O2-detoxifying. In photosynthetic cycles, the endogenous form of these phytohormones enhances photosynthetic properties such as stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis (PN), photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and efficiency of carboxylation. Furthermore, in cell cycle, they are able to influence division and expansion of cell growth in plants under stress, leading to increased growth of radicle cells in a meristem, and ultimately contributing to the increased germination rate and lengths of shoot and root in the stress-affected plants. In the case of crosstalk between SA and GA, exogenous GA3 can upregulate biosynthesis of SA and consequently result in rising levels of SA, enhancing plant defense response to environmental abiotic stresses. The aim of this paper was to investigate the mechanisms related to GA and SA phytohormones in amelioration of abiotic stress, in particular, heavy metal stress.

中文翻译：

---

水杨酸和赤霉素信号在植物对非生物胁迫响应中的作用，重点是重金属

摘要 水杨酸（SA）和赤霉素（GAs）作为两种重要的植物生长激素，在提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性方面发挥着关键作用。它们有助于增加植物在 ROS 清除中的抗氧化活性，这与参与 H2O2 解毒的酶有关。在光合作用循环中，这些植物激素的内源形式增强了光合作用特性，例如气孔导度、净光合作用 (PN)、光合氧气释放和羧化效率。此外，在细胞周期中，它们能够影响胁迫下植物细胞生长的分裂和扩张，导致分生组织中胚根细胞的生长增加，最终导致胁迫下芽和根的发芽率和长度增加。 - 受影响的植物。在 SA 和 GA 之间的串扰的情况下，外源 GA3 可以上调 SA 的生物合成，从而导致 SA 水平升高，增强植物对环境非生物胁迫的防御反应。本文的目的是研究GA和SA植物激素改善非生物胁迫，特别是重金属胁迫的相关机制。