ABSTRACT

Introduction

Influenza virus infections cause serious illness in millions of people each year. Although influenza virus vaccines are available, they are not optimally effective due to mismatches between the influenza virus strains used for the vaccine and the circulating strains. To improve protection by vaccines, a broadly protective or universal vaccine may be required. Strategies to develop universal vaccines aim to elicit broadly reactive antibodies, which target regions on the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein which are conserved between strains. Broadly reactive antibodies have helped to identify such targets and can guide the design of such a vaccine.

Areas covered

The first part of this review provides an in-depth overview of broadly reactive anti-HA antibodies, discussing their origin, breadth and their mechanisms of protection. The second part discusses the technical design and mode of action of potential universal vaccine candidates that aim to elicit these broadly reactive antibodies and provide protection against a majority of influenza strains.

Expert opinion

While great strides have been made in the development of universal influenza vaccine candidates, real-life use still requires improvement of stability, enhancement of their breadth of protection and ease of production, while efficacies need to be determined in human trials.

中文翻译：

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通过靶向血凝素茎和头部结构域的保守区域，开发具有广泛反应性的流感疫苗。

摘要

介绍

每年，流感病毒感染都会导致数百万人患上严重疾病。尽管可获得流感病毒疫苗，但是由于用于疫苗的流感病毒株与循环株之间的不匹配，它们并不是最佳有效的。为了改善疫苗的保护作用，可能需要广泛保护或通用的疫苗。开发通用疫苗的策略旨在引发具有广泛反应性的抗体，该抗体靶向病毒血凝素（HA）蛋白上在菌株之间保守的区域。具有广泛反应性的抗体有助于鉴定此类靶标，并可以指导此类疫苗的设计。

覆盖区域

本综述的第一部分提供了广泛反应性抗HA抗体的深入概述，讨论了其起源，广度及其保护机制。第二部分讨论潜在的通用疫苗候选物的技术设计和作用方式，这些候选物旨在引发这些具有广泛反应性的抗体，并针对大多数流感病毒株提供保护。

专家意见

尽管通用流感疫苗候选药物的开发取得了长足进步，但现实生活中的使用仍需要提高稳定性，增强其保护范围和易于生产，同时还需要在人体试验中确定疗效。