Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of greenhouse and odorous gases in different types of dairy cattle housing systems with the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The study was performed in autumn and winter in four types of dairy cattle barns with different process and technical systems (free-stall, deep litter – FS-DL; free-stall, sub-floor manure storage – FS-SFM; free-stall, litter in stalls – FS-LS; tie-stall, litter in stalls – TS-LS) in northern Poland. Analyses of gaseous mixtures in barn air were conducted by infrared spectrometry with the multi-component Gasmet DX4030 analyzer. A total of 200 measurement spectra were acquired and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses with the Calcmet Professional program with a library of reference spectra for 200 chemical compounds. The results of the study indicate that housing systems and the technological solutions applied in barns exert a considerable influence on the production of greenhouse and odorous gases. Free-stall housing with slatted floors and sub-floor manure storage appears to be the optimal solution for reducing the animals’ exposure to the presence of the analyzed chemical compounds in air, improving animal welfare and minimizing GHG emissions to the environment (considering the optimal ventilation rate). It should be noted that the concentrations of other potentially harmful compounds, for which the maximum safe levels have been specified, were also relatively low in the remaining systems, which points to the observance of high sanitary standards and the use of efficient ventilation systems in the evaluated barns.

中文翻译：

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用傅立叶变换红外光谱法测定奶牛舍系统对牛舍内气体混合物浓度和排放的影响

摘要 本研究的目的是使用傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱确定不同类型奶牛舍入系统中温室气体和恶臭气体的浓度和排放。该研究在秋季和冬季在具有不同工艺和技术系统的四种奶牛牛舍中进行（自由卧栏、深垫料 – FS-DL；自由栏、底层粪便储存 – FS-SFM；自由栏, 栏内垫料 - FS-LS; tie-stall, 栏内垫料 - TS-LS) 在波兰北部。使用多组分 Gasmet DX4030 分析仪通过红外光谱法对谷仓空气中的气体混合物进行分析。总共采集了 200 个测量光谱，并使用 Calcmet Professional 程序进行定性和定量分析，其中包含 200 种化合物的参考光谱库。研究结果表明，畜舍系统和应用于谷仓的技术解决方案对温室气体和异味气体的产生产生了相当大的影响。带有板条地板和底层地板粪便储存的自由畜栏似乎是减少动物暴露于空气中所分析化合物的存在的最佳解决方案，改善动物福利并最大限度地减少对环境的温室气体排放（考虑到最佳通风率）。应该注意的是，已规定了最大安全水平的其他潜在有害化合物的浓度，