Abstract The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of reproductive performance of high-yielding dairy cows fed a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (FA s), and to recommend a feeding schedule that can increase the success rate in reproduction. Dietary supplementation with fat, especially FA, has become an accepted strategy for supporting the fertility of high-yielding dairy cows. The two main categories of FA s, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA s) and saturated fatty acids (SFA s), exert distinct effects on reproductive functions, with UFA having a conclusively beneficial impact. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are of particular importance on account of their biological properties. Standard feedstuffs (such as soybean) are rich in n-6 FA s, whereas few feedstuffs contain n-3 FA s. Neither the n-3 nor n-6 PUFA s are synthetized by the animal. Several field experiments have indicated that the recommended schedule of n-3 supplementation should last 160–170 days, from the eighth week before calving to 100 or 120 days postpartum. Supplementation of the diet thus covers the period from the late preantral stage of the follicle, the entire development of the antrum, oocyte ovulation, and fertilization, as well as the development of the preattachment embryo and its implantation. The following effects are among the important beneficial results of supplementation with n-3 FA s: a higher number of antral follicles suitable for ovum pick-up (OPU), larger dominant follicles and corresponding CL, better quality oocytes and embryos, and higher implantation rates resulting from improved uterine environment (e.g., reduced synthesis of luteolytic PGF2α). We conclude that dietary supplementation for high-yielding dairy cows with n-3 FA s supports ovarian functions and helps the embryo to survive in the adverse environment of the reproductive tract of the postpartum cow.

中文翻译：

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饲喂添加 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸的日粮的奶牛的繁殖性能——综述

摘要 本综述的目的是总结饲喂添加 n-3 脂肪酸 (FA s) 日粮的高产奶牛繁殖性能的现状，并推荐一种可以提高成功率的饲喂计划。在繁殖中。膳食补充脂肪，尤其是 FA，已成为支持高产奶牛繁殖力的公认策略。FA 的两大类，不饱和脂肪酸 (UFA) 和饱和脂肪酸 (SFA)，对生殖功能产生不同的影响，其中 UFA 具有决定性的有益影响。多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 由于其生物学特性而特别重要。标准饲料（如大豆）富含 n-6 FA，而很少有饲料含有 n-3 FA。n-3 和 n-6 PUFA 都不是由动物合成的。几项田间试验表明，推荐的 n-3 补充时间表应持续 160-170 天，从产犊前的第 8 周到产后 100 或 120 天。因此，饮食的补充涵盖了从卵泡腔前后期、窦的整个发育、卵母细胞排卵和受精，以及附着前胚胎的发育和植入的时期。以下效果是补充 n-3 FA 的重要有益结果：更多数量的适合取卵 (OPU) 的窦卵泡、更大的优势卵泡和相应的 CL、更好的卵母细胞和胚胎质量以及更高的植入率子宫环境改善导致的比率（例如，减少黄体分解 PGF2α 的合成）。我们得出的结论是，高产奶牛日粮中添加 n-3 FA 可支持卵巢功能，并有助于胚胎在产后奶牛生殖道的不利环境中存活。