Environmental exposures such as nutrition during life stages with high developmental plasticity—in particular, the in utero period, infancy, childhood, and puberty—may have long-lasting influences on risk of chronic diseases, including obesity-related conditions that manifest as early as childhood. Yet, specific mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear. Here, we consider the study of ‘omics mechanisms, including nutrigenomics, epigenetics/epigenomics, and metabolomics, within a life course epidemiological framework to accomplish three objectives. First, we carried out a scoping review of population-based literature with a focus on studies that include ‘omics analyses during three sensitive periods during early life: in utero, infancy, and childhood. We elected to conduct a scoping review because the application of multi-‘omics and/or precision nutrition in childhood obesity prevention and treatment is relatively recent, and identifying knowledge gaps can expedite future research. Second, concomitant with the literature review, we discuss the relevance and plausibility of biological mechanisms that may underlie early origins of childhood obesity identified by studies to date. Finally, we identify current research limitations and future opportunities for application of multi-‘omics in precision nutrition/health practice.

中文翻译：

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精准营养与儿童肥胖：范围界定审查。

在具有高度发育可塑性的生命阶段（特别是子宫内期、婴儿期、儿童期和青春期），环境暴露（例如营养）可能对慢性病的风险产生长期影响，包括早在童年。然而，这些关系背后的具体机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们考虑在生命历程流行病学框架内研究组学机制，包括营养基因组学、表观遗传学/表观基因组学和代谢组学，以实现三个目标。首先，我们对基于人群的文献进行了范围界定审查，重点关注包括生命早期三个敏感时期的组学分析的研究：子宫内、婴儿期和童年。我们选择进行范围界定审查，因为多组学和/或精准营养在儿童肥胖预防和治疗中的应用相对较新，确定知识差距可以加快未来的研究。其次，结合文献综述，我们讨论了生物学机制的相关性和合理性，这些生物学机制可能是迄今为止研究确定的儿童肥胖早期起源的基础。最后，我们确定了当前研究的局限性和未来在精准营养/健康实践中应用多组学的机会。