Roads represent a threat to biodiversity, primarily through increased mortality from collisions with vehicles. Although estimating roadkill rates is an important first step, how roads affect long-term population persistence must also be assessed. We developed a trait-based model to predict roadkill rates for terrestrial bird and mammalian species in Europe and used a generalized population model to estimate their long-term vulnerability to road mortality. We found that ~194 million birds and ~29 million mammals may be killed each year on European roads. The species that were predicted to experience the highest mortality rates due to roads were not necessarily the same as those whose long-term persistence was most vulnerable to road mortality. When evaluating which species or areas could be most affected by road development projects, failure to consider how roadkill affects populations may result in misidentifying appropriate targets for mitigation.

中文翻译：

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欧洲鸟类和哺乳动物的道路死亡风险和种群脆弱性

道路对生物多样性构成威胁，主要是通过与车辆碰撞导致的死亡率增加。尽管估计道路死亡率是重要的第一步，但还必须评估道路如何影响长期人口持久性。我们开发了一个基于特征的模型来预测欧洲陆生鸟类和哺乳动物物种的道路死亡率，并使用广义种群模型来估计它们对道路死亡的长期脆弱性。我们发现，在欧洲道路上，每年可能有约 1.94 亿只鸟类和约 2900 万只哺乳动物被杀死。预计因道路而导致死亡率最高的物种不一定与那些长期持续最容易受到道路死亡率的物种相同。在评估哪些物种或地区可能受道路开发项目影响最大时，