Manipulation of epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity by host and microbiota-derived metabolites.,European Journal of Immunology

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Manipulation of epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity by host and microbiota-derived metabolites.
European Journal of Immunology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948478
Hisako Kayama _{1,

2,

3} , Kiyoshi Takeda _{1,

2,

4}

Affiliation

The human intestinal tract contains a large number of microbes, their metabolites, and potentially harmful food antigens. The intestinal epithelium separates the mucosa where immune cells are located from luminal microbes by expressing various factors that assemble into physical and chemical barriers. In addition to epithelial cells, immune cells are essential for enforcing mucosal barriers through production of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators. Intestinal microbiota, represented by gut ecological communities of living microorganisms, influences maturation and homeostasis of host immune system and contributes to the maintenance of the epithelial integrity with small molecules derived from their metabolism, termed metabolites. In turn, immune cells receive signals from microbiota, and may play key role in maintenance of a healthy bacterial composition and reinforcement of epithelial barrier functions, leading to the establishment of a host‐bacterial mutualism. Alterations in the microbiota community and metabolome profiles are observed in patients with various disorders including inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we will discuss physiological functions of the microbiota and its metabolites in regulating host immune system and reinforcing epithelial barrier functions. Further understanding of these processes will aid in identification of novel therapeutic targets and subsequent development of therapeutic interventions in a range of chronic inflammatory diseases.

中文翻译：

宿主和微生物来源的代谢产物对上皮完整性和粘膜免疫的操纵。

人体肠道中含有大量微生物，其代谢产物和潜在有害的食物抗原。肠上皮通过表达各种组装成物理和化学屏障的因子，将免疫细胞所在的粘膜与腔内微生物分开。除上皮细胞外，免疫细胞对于通过产生炎症介质和抗炎介质来加强粘膜屏障也是必不可少的。肠道微生物群以活微生物的肠道生态群落为代表，影响宿主免疫系统的成熟和体内平衡，并通过其代谢产生的小分子（称为代谢产物）有助于维持上皮的完整性。反过来，免疫细胞会接收来自微生物群的信号，并可能在维持健康的细菌组成和增强上皮屏障功能方面发挥关键作用，从而导致宿主细菌共生关系的建立。在患有包括炎症性肠病在内的各种疾病的患者中观察到微生物群落和代谢组谱的改变。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论微生物群及其代谢产物在调节宿主免疫系统和增强上皮屏障功能方面的生理功能。对这些过程的进一步理解将有助于鉴定新的治疗靶标，并随后发展一系列慢性炎症性疾病的治疗措施。在患有包括炎症性肠病在内的各种疾病的患者中观察到微生物群和代谢组谱的改变。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论微生物群及其代谢产物在调节宿主免疫系统和增强上皮屏障功能方面的生理功能。对这些过程的进一步理解将有助于鉴定新的治疗靶标，并随后发展一系列慢性炎症性疾病的治疗措施。在患有包括炎症性肠病在内的各种疾病的患者中观察到微生物群和代谢组谱的改变。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论微生物群及其代谢产物在调节宿主免疫系统和增强上皮屏障功能方面的生理功能。对这些过程的进一步理解将有助于鉴定新的治疗靶标，并随后发展一系列慢性炎症性疾病的治疗措施。

更新日期：2020-07-03

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