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A primer to gene therapy: Progress, prospects, and problems
Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12270
Hidde A Zittersteijn 1 , Manuel A F V Gonçalves 1 , Rob C Hoeben 1
Affiliation  

Genetic therapies based on gene addition have witnessed a variety of clinical successes and the first therapeutic products have been approved for clinical use. Moreover, innovative gene editing techniques are starting to offer new opportunities in which the mutations that underlie genetic diseases can be directly corrected in afflicted somatic cells. The toolboxes underpinning these DNA modifying technologies are expanding with great pace. Concerning the ongoing efforts for their implementation, viral vector‐based gene delivery systems have acquired center‐stage, providing new hopes for patients with inherited and acquired disorders. Specifically, the application of genetic therapies using viral vectors for the treatment of inborn metabolic disorders is growing and clinical applications are starting to appear. While the field has matured from the technology perspective and has yielded efficacious products, it is the perception of many stakeholders that from the regulatory side further developments are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize the features of state‐of‐the‐art viral vector systems and the corresponding gene‐centered therapies they seek to deliver. Moreover, a brief summary is also given on emerging gene editing approaches built on CRISPR‐Cas9 nucleases and, more recently, nickases, including base editors and prime editors. Finally, we will point at some regulatory aspects that may deserve further attention for translating these technological developments into actual advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs).

中文翻译:

基因治疗入门:进展、前景和问题

基于基因添加的基因疗法已经见证了各种临床成功,第一个治疗产品已被批准用于临床。此外,创新的基因编辑技术开始提供新的机会,可以直接在患病的体细胞中纠正作为遗传疾病基础的突变。支持这些 DNA 修饰技术的工具箱正在以极快的速度扩展。关于其实施的持续努力,基于病毒载体的基因传递系统已成为中心舞台,为遗传性和获得性疾病患者提供了新的希望。具体来说,使用病毒载体的基因疗法在治疗先天性代谢紊乱方面的应用正在增长,临床应用也开始出现。虽然该领域从技术角度来看已经成熟并产生了有效的产品,但许多利益相关者认为,监管方面迫切需要进一步发展。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最先进的病毒载体系统的特征以及它们寻求提供的相应的以基因为中心的疗法。此外,还简要总结了基于 CRISPR-Cas9 核酸酶以及最近的切口酶(包括碱基编辑器和主要编辑器)的新兴基因编辑方法。最后,我们将指出一些监管方面,这些方面可能值得进一步关注,以将这些技术发展转化为实际的先进治疗药物 (ATMP)。许多利益相关者认为,迫切需要监管方面的进一步发展。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最先进的病毒载体系统的特征以及它们寻求提供的相应的以基因为中心的疗法。此外,还简要总结了基于 CRISPR-Cas9 核酸酶以及最近的切口酶(包括碱基编辑器和主要编辑器)的新兴基因编辑方法。最后,我们将指出一些监管方面,这些方面可能值得进一步关注,以将这些技术发展转化为实际的先进治疗药物 (ATMP)。许多利益相关者认为,迫切需要监管方面的进一步发展。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最先进的病毒载体系统的特征以及它们寻求提供的相应的以基因为中心的疗法。此外,还简要总结了基于 CRISPR-Cas9 核酸酶以及最近的切口酶(包括碱基编辑器和主要编辑器)的新兴基因编辑方法。最后,我们将指出一些监管方面,这些方面可能值得进一步关注,以将这些技术发展转化为实际的先进治疗药物 (ATMP)。还简要总结了基于 CRISPR-Cas9 核酸酶以及最近的切口酶(包括碱基编辑器和主要编辑器)的新兴基因编辑方法。最后,我们将指出一些监管方面,这些方面可能值得进一步关注,以将这些技术发展转化为实际的先进治疗药物 (ATMP)。还简要总结了基于 CRISPR-Cas9 核酸酶以及最近的切口酶(包括碱基编辑器和主要编辑器)的新兴基因编辑方法。最后,我们将指出一些监管方面,这些方面可能值得进一步关注,以将这些技术发展转化为实际的先进治疗药物 (ATMP)。
更新日期:2020-06-08
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