Pleistocene climatic fluctuations may have had a profound impact on the evolutionary history of many species. The geographical pattern of European wild boar (Sus scrofa ) is clearly studied, and it was greatly influenced by ancient climatic events, especially the Last Glacial Maximum. Previous research on genetic variation has mainly focused on the origin and distribution histories of domestic pigs. However, some questions have not been answered, including those concerning the genetic diversity, geographical pattern and possible historic influence of climate on East Asian wild boar (EAWB). Employing the control region of mtDNA (511 bp), we investigated the contributions of historic climate, which possibly shaped the genetic pattern of wild boar. Given that the level of genetic diversity of wild boars is higher in East Asia than in Europe, 172 haplotypes were detected from 680 individuals. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the complex phylogeographic structure of EAWB. Mismatch analysis, neutrality tests and the Bayesian Skyline Plot results all retrieved signals of a rapid population expansion, which might have played an important role in driving the formation of complex spatial genetic structure. Genetic data and species distribution modelling showed that the Last Glacial Maximum had weak effect on the distribution of the EAWB. We suggest that, in shaping spatial genetic structure in East Asian, long‐term gene flow and population history played more important roles than Pleistocene climate fluctuations.

中文翻译：

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东亚野猪的空间遗传结构和历史人口统计。

更新世的气候波动可能对许多物种的进化历史产生了深远的影响。欧洲野猪（Sus scrofa）的地理格局）进行了清晰的研究，并且受到古代气候事件（尤其是“末次冰河最大值”）的极大影响。以前关于遗传变异的研究主要集中在家猪的起源和分布历史上。但是，还没有回答一些问题，包括有关遗传多样性，地理格局以及气候对东亚野公猪（EAWB）可能的历史影响的问题。利用mtDNA的控制区（511 bp），我们调查了历史气候的贡献，这可能影响了野猪的遗传模式。鉴于东亚野猪的遗传多样性水平高于欧洲，因此从680个个体中检测到172个单倍型。系统发育分析表明，EAWB具有复杂的系统结构。失配分析 中立性测试和贝叶斯天际线图结果均检索到种群快速扩张的信号，这可能在驱动复杂的空间遗传结构形成中发挥了重要作用。遗传数据和物种分布模型表明，最后冰川期对EAWB的分布影响较小。我们建议，在塑造东亚的空间遗传结构时，长期基因流动和种群历史比更新世的气候波动起着更重要的作用。