Archerfish are well-known for their ballistic hunting behaviour, in which they shoot down aerial prey with a well-aimed jet of water. This unique hunting strategy poses several challenges for visual systems. Archerfish face significant distortion to the appearance of targets due to refraction at the air/water interface, they search for prey against a complex background of foliage, they change prey targeting behaviour as conditions change, and they must make high speed decisions to avoid competition. By studying how archerfish have overcome these challenges, we have been able to understand more about fundamental problems faced by visual systems and the mechanisms used to solve them. In some cases, such as when searching for targets, the visual capabilities of archerfish are functionally similar to those of humans, despite significant differences in neuroanatomy. In other cases, the particular challenge faced by archerfish magnifies fundamental problems generally faced by visual systems, such as recognizing objects given strong viewpoint dependent changes to appearance. The efficiency of archerfish retrieving fallen prey to avoid kleptoparasitism, demonstrates that their visual processing excels in both speed and accuracy. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the many facets of visually driven behaviour of archerfish, and how they have been studied. In addition to their hunting technique, archerfish are ideal for visual processing experiments as they can be quickly trained to perform a range of non-ecologically relevant tasks. Their behavioural flexibility moreover, introduces the opportunity to study how experience-dependence and choice affects visual processing.

箭鱼以其弹道狩猎行为而闻名，在这种行为中，他们用瞄准好的射流将空中猎物击落。这种独特的狩猎策略给视觉系统带来了许多挑战。由于空气/水界面处的折射，射手鱼面临着目标外观的严重变形，它们在复杂的树叶背景​​下寻找猎物，随着条件的变化而改变猎物的瞄准行为，并且必须做出高速决策以避免竞争。通过研究弓箭鱼如何克服这些挑战，我们已经能够更多地了解视觉系统面临的基本问题以及解决这些问题的机制。在某些情况下，例如搜索目标时，弓箭鱼的视觉功能在功能上与人类相似，尽管在神经解剖学上有显着差异。在其他情况下，弓箭鱼所面临的特殊挑战会放大视觉系统通常面临的基本问题，例如识别对象时，视点的外观会发生强烈的变化。弓箭鱼检索掉落的猎物以避免kleptoparasitism的效率，表明他们的视觉处理在速度和准确性上都出色。在这篇综述中，我们试图概述弓箭鱼视觉驱动行为的许多方面，以及如何对其进行研究。除了其捕猎技术外，弓箭鱼还非常适合进行视觉处理实验，因为可以对其进行快速培训以执行一系列与生态无关的任务。而且他们的行为灵活，