Abstract Human paleodemographic changes were related to environmental fluctuations for the North American Arctic and boreal region, including Greenland. Using the frequency of archaeological radiocarbon dates as a proxy for population size, past changes in population were estimated and quantitatively examined in relation to reconstructions of temperature and sea ice conditions. This analysis was conducted across three spatial scales in order to better identify potential climate impacts on population size: the entire area, four major cultural-environmental regions and sixteen sub-regions. The timing of initial settlement differed by region, and population size fluctuated through time, but there was nevertheless an overall, accelerating increase in most areas. There was a high correspondence between millennial and centennial-scale climate variability and paleodemographic changes across the region, with population size generally increasing during warmer periods and decreasing during cooling episodes. Late Holocene cooling (neoglaciation) triggered a nearly-synchronous population decline across the entire region at 3.9 ka, a time when significant societal disruptions have been identified around the world, and are here shown in the Arctic. Decreasing temperatures and increased sea ice coverage also influenced large-scale migration patterns of Paleo-Inuit peoples as well as their cultural evolution. The growth of Paleo-Inuit populations after 3 ka during continued climate cooling is consistent with archaeological evidence suggesting Paleo-Inuit technological change enabled adaptations to increased sea ice.

中文翻译：

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与北美北极和亚北极全新世气候变异相关的人口动态

摘要 人类古人口变化与包括格陵兰在内的北美北极和北方地区的环境波动有关。使用考古放射性碳日期的频率作为人口规模的代理，估计和定量检查过去人口的变化，并与重建温度和海冰条件有关。该分析在三个空间尺度上进行，以更好地确定气候对人口规模的潜在影响：整个地区、四个主要文化环境区域和十六个子区域。最初定居的时间因地区而异，人口规模随着时间的推移而波动，但总体上大部分地区都在加速增长。该地区千禧年和百年尺度的气候变率与古人口变化之间存在高度对应关系，人口规模在温暖时期普遍增加，在降温时期减少。全新世晚期冷却（新冰川作用）在 3.9 ka 时引发了整个地区几乎同步的人口下降，当时世界各地都发现了重大的社会破坏，这里显示在北极。气温下降和海冰覆盖率增加也影响了古因纽特人的大规模迁徙模式及其文化演变。3 ka 后，在气候持续降温期间，古因纽特人种群的增长与考古证据一致，表明古因纽特人的技术变革使人们能够适应增加的海冰。