Abstract The application of visible (Vis; 400–750 nm) and near infrared red (NIR; 750–2500 nm) region spectroscopy to assess fruit and vegetables is reviewed in context of ‘point’ spectroscopy, as opposed to multi- or hyperspectral imaging. Vis spectroscopy targets colour assessment and pigment analysis, while NIR spectroscopy has been applied to assessment of macro constituents (principally water) in fresh produce in commercial practice, and a wide range of attributes in the scientific literature. This review focusses to key issues relevant to the widespread implementation of Vis-NIR technology in the fruit sector. A background to the concepts and technology involved in the use of Vis-NIR spectroscopy is provided and instrumentation for in-field and in-line applications, which has been available for two and three decades, respectively, is described. A review of scientific effort is made for the period 2015 - February 2020, in terms of the application areas, instrumentation, chemometric methods and validation procedures, and this work is critiqued through comparison to techniques in commercial use, with focus to wavelength region, optical geometry, experimental design, and validation procedures. Recommendations for future research activity in this area are made, e.g., application development with consideration of the distribution of the attribute of interest in the product and the matching of optically sampled and reference method sampled volume; instrumentation comparisons with consideration of repeatability, optimum optical geometry and wavelength range). Recommendations are also made for reporting requirements, viz. description of the application, the reference method, the composition of calibration and test populations, chemometric reporting and benchmarking to a known instrument/method, with the aim of maximising useful conclusions from the extensive work being done around the world.

中文翻译：

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采后水果和蔬菜评估中的可见近红外“点”光谱：三个十年商业用途背后的科学

摘要 可见光（Vis；400–750 nm）和近红外红光（NIR；750–2500 nm）区域光谱在“点”光谱的背景下评估水果和蔬菜的应用，而不是多光谱或高光谱成像。 . 可见光光谱的目标是颜色评估和色素分析，而近红外光谱已应用于商业实践中新鲜农产品中宏观成分（主要是水）的评估，以及科学文献中的广泛属性。本综述重点关注与在水果行业广泛实施 Vis-NIR 技术相关的关键问题。提供了使用 Vis-NIR 光谱学所涉及的概念和技术的背景，以及用于现场和在线应用的仪器，这些仪器已经分别使用了 20 年和 30 年，被描述。对 2015 年至 2020 年 2 月期间的科学工作进行了审查，涉及应用领域、仪器、化学计量方法和验证程序，并通过与商业用途技术的比较来批评这项工作，重点是波长区域、光学几何、实验设计和验证程序。对该领域未来的研究活动提出了建议，例如，考虑产品中感兴趣属性的分布以及光学采样和参考方法采样量的匹配的应用开发；仪器比较，同时考虑了可重复性、最佳光学几何形状和波长范围）。还对报告要求提出了建议，即。应用描述，参考方法，