Abstract In communication animals use a full range of signals: acoustic, visual, chemical, electrical and tactile. The processes involved in how and why animals communicate have long held veritable fascination for scientists. A branch of science concerned with the production of sound and its effects on living organisms is bioacoustics. The main purpose of the present study is to raise and discuss some issues related to the relationship between animals, their sounds and ecology, including presentation of methods of analysis of sound recordings. A better understanding of the relationship between the studied animals will allow for development of a better framework for future research, as well as a better grasp of interactions between different organisms, including humans. The paper discusses the significance of acoustic research in animal ecology and its possible applications in the future. The author also summarizes previous research in the field of sound communication of various animal species. The paper proves that vocalizations of every acoustically communicating animal are threatened by climate change. For marine animals, the source of changes in vocalization abilities is ocean acidification and increased ambient noise, which can affect communication and foraging behavior. For terrestrial animals, changes in precipitation and temperature may result in modifications of the sounds emitted, as well as certain modifications to the auditory system. Together with changes in species distribution due to environmental parameters, cumulatively these factors can cause changes in the entire landscape of acoustics ecosystems. Thanks to acoustic biomonitoring, we can understand how the sounds of entire habitats and acoustic ecosystems will change in response to the changing climate and how it will affect bioacoustics on a global scale.

中文翻译：

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生物声学在动物生态学中的应用

摘要 在交流中，动物使用全方位的信号：声音、视觉、化学、电和触觉。长期以来，科学家们一直着迷于动物交流方式和原因所涉及的过程。与声音的产生及其对生物体的影响有关的科学分支是生物声学。本研究的主要目的是提出和讨论与动物、它们的声音和生态之间的关系有关的一些问题，包括介绍录音分析方法。更好地了解所研究动物之间的关系将有助于为未来的研究制定更好的框架，并更好地掌握不同生物（包括人类）之间的相互作用。本文讨论了声学研究在动物生态学中的意义及其未来可能的应用。作者还总结了以往在各种动物物种声音传播领域的研究。该论文证明，每一种声音交流动物的发声都受到气候变化的威胁。对于海洋动物来说，发声能力变化的根源是海洋酸化和环境噪音增加，这会影响交流和觅食行为。对于陆生动物，降水和温度的变化可能会导致发出的声音发生变化，以及听觉系统的某些变化。加上环境参数导致的物种分布变化，累积起来，这些因素会导致声学生态系统的整个景观发生变化。由于声学生物监测，我们可以了解整个栖息地和声学生态系统的声音将如何随着气候变化而变化，以及它将如何影响全球范围内的生物声学。