Leptin and adiponectin are thought to modulate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, but there is limited information regarding the adipokine status of hyperglycemic dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in the leptin/adiponectin ratio, insulin sensitivity, and/or pancreatic β-cell function are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). A total of 48 client-owned dogs were included in this prospective observational study: 20 dogs with PDH (10 normoglycemic and 10 with DM), 15 dogs with DM, and 13 healthy dogs. The serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured, and homeostatic model assessment indices (HOMAs) were calculated and compared among the groups. Serum leptin was significantly higher in PDH dogs with and without DM than in healthy and DM dogs, and it was lower in DM dogs than in PDH dogs without DM. Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs, and it was significantly lower in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-10 was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs without DM. The leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs. Serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-1β concentration was significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs and PDH dogs with DM and without DM. Serum TNF-α and IL-18 concentrations were not different among groups. The HOMA_{β-cell function} was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs, while HOMA_{insulin sensitivity} was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy dogs. These results suggest that adipokine dysregulation, a reduction in insulin sensitivity, and a further impairment in pancreatic β-cell function might predispose PDH dogs to DM. Further longitudinal study will be necessary to confirm this result.

瘦素和脂联素被认为可以调节胰岛素敏感性和胰腺 β 细胞功能，但关于高血糖犬的脂肪因子状态的信息有限。本研究旨在确定瘦素/脂联素比率、胰岛素敏感性和/或胰腺 β 细胞功能的改变是否与垂体依赖性肾上腺皮质功能亢进 (PDH) 犬的糖尿病 (DM) 相关。这项前瞻性观察研究共包括 48 只客户拥有的狗：20 只患有 PDH 的狗（10 只血糖正常，10 只患有糖尿病）、15 只患有糖尿病的狗和 13 只健康狗。测定血清瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-18和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的浓度，计算和比较组间稳态模型评估指数（HOMAs）。有和没有 DM 的 PDH 犬的血清瘦素显着高于健康和 DM 犬，而 DM 犬的血清瘦素低于没有 DM 的 PDH 犬。合并DM的PDH犬的血清脂联素显着低于健康犬和PDH犬，DM犬的血清脂联素显着低于健康犬。患有 DM 的 PDH 狗的血清 IL-10 显着高于健康和没有 DM 的 PDH 狗。患有糖尿病的 PDH 犬的瘦素/脂联素比率显着高于血糖正常的 PDH 犬。DM 犬的血清 IL-6 浓度显着高于健康犬。DM 犬的血清 IL-1β 浓度显着高于健康犬和患有 DM 和未患 DM 的 PDH 犬。血清 TNF-α 和 IL-18 浓度在各组之间没有差异。霍马糖尿病PDH犬的_{β细胞功能}显着低于血糖正常的PDH犬，而_糖尿病PDH犬的HOMA_{胰岛素敏感性}显着低于健康犬。这些结果表明脂肪因子失调、胰岛素敏感性降低和胰腺 β 细胞功能的进一步受损可能使 PDH 犬易患 DM。需要进一步的纵向研究来证实这一结果。