Although the central canal is an integral component of the cerebral ventricular system, central canal dilation has not been examined adequately during the progression of subarachnoid hemorrhage–related hydrocephalus (SAH-H). Central canal dilation–associated ependymal cell desquamation or subependymal membrane rupture has been rarely reported. Herein, we try to describe possible mechanisms of central canal dilation “Hydromyelia,” developing after SAH. A total of 25 New Zealand hybrid female rabbits were recruited. Five served as controls, and five received sham operations. In the remaining animals (n = 15), 0.5 mL/kg of autologous blood was injected into the cisterna magna twice on 0 and 2nd days. Five of these animals died within a few days. A total of 10 survivor animals decapitated 3 weeks later, and the brains and cervical spinal cords were histologically examined. Central canal volumes, ependymal cell numbers on the canal surfaces, and the Evans’ indices of the ventricles were compared. On histological examination, central canal occlusion with desquamated ependymal cells and basement membrane rupture were evident. The mean Evans’ index of the brain ventricles was 0.31, the mean central canal volume was 1.054 mm³, and the normal ependymal cell density was 4.210/mm² in control animals; the respective values were 0.34, 1.287 mm³, and 3.602/mm² for sham-operated animals, and 0.41, 1.776 mm³, and 2.923/mm² in the study group. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hydromyelia, an ignored complication of SAH-H, features ependymal cell desquamation, subependymal basement membrane destruction, blood cell accumulation on the subependymal cell basement membrane, and increased CSF pressure. Hydromyelia may be a significant complication following SAH.

尽管中央管是脑室系统的一个组成部分，但在蛛网膜下腔出血相关脑积水（SAH-H）的进展过程中，中央管扩张尚未得到充分检查。中央管扩张相关的室管膜细胞脱屑或室管膜下膜破裂很少见报道。在此，我们试图描述 SAH 后发展的中央管扩张“脊髓积水”的可能机制。共招募新西兰杂交雌兔25只。五人作为对照，五人接受假手术。在剩余的动物（n= 15)，在第 0 天和第 2 天两次将 0.5 mL/kg 自体血注入小脑池。这些动物中有五只在几天内死亡。3 周后，共有 10 只幸存动物被斩首，并对大脑和颈脊髓进行了组织学检查。比较了中央管体积、管表面的室管膜细胞数量和心室的 Evans 指数。组织学检查可见中央管闭塞，室管膜细胞脱落，基底膜破裂。对照组脑室平均埃文斯指数为0.31，平均中央管容积为1.054 mm ³，正常室管膜细胞密度为4.210 / mm ²；分别为 0.34、1.287 mm ³, 和 3.602 / mm ²用于假手术动物，和 0.41, 1.776 mm ³和 2.923 / mm ²在研究组。差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。脊髓积水是 SAH-H 的一种被忽视的并发症，其特点是室管膜细胞脱屑、室管膜下基底膜破坏、血细胞在室管膜下细胞基底膜上积聚和脑脊液压力升高。脊髓积水可能是 SAH 后的重要并发症。