The ability of cells to assume different phenotypes without changing their genotype Genotype : The complete genetic constitution of an organism. is referred to as cellular plasticity. It is increasingly being recognized as a fundamental and essential property of cancer cells, which enables their adaptation to the changing environmental conditions, imposed by both disease progression and therapeutic intervention. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a classical well-studied example of cellular plasticity during cancer progression that aids cancer spread by metastasis. A closely associated phenomenon that entails metastatic progression is the detachment of cancer cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM) at the primary tumor site, their passage and survival in the circulation in an anchorage-independent form, and subsequent re-attachment at a distant site to establish new tumor growth. In this review, we discuss molecular and metabolic plasticity in matrix-attached and -detached states of cancer cells that aid in metastatic cancer progression. Further, cellular plasticity enables cancer cells within a population to assume different phenotypic states, thus leading to cancer heterogeneity—an emerging evil that needs to be tackled for overcoming therapy failure and achieving better treatment outcomes.

中文翻译：

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基质附着和分离细胞中的细胞可塑性：对转移的影响

细胞在不改变其基因型的情况下呈现不同表型的能力 基因型：生物体的完整遗传构成。称为细胞可塑性。它越来越被认为是癌细胞的基本和必不可少的特性，这使得它们能够适应由疾病进展和治疗干预强加的不断变化的环境条件。上皮 - 间质转化（EMT）是癌症进展过程中细胞可塑性的经典研究示例，有助于癌症通过转移扩散。一个与转移进展密切相关的现象是癌细胞从原发肿瘤部位的细胞外基质 (ECM) 脱离，它们以非锚定形式在循环中通过和存活，随后在远处重新附着以建立新的肿瘤生长。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有助于转移性癌症进展的癌细胞基质附着和分离状态的分子和代谢可塑性。此外，细胞可塑性使群体中的癌细胞呈现不同的表型状态，从而导致癌症异质性——这是一种需要解决的新问题，以克服治疗失败并取得更好的治疗结果。