Background: We aimed to identify the functional brain networks involved in the regulation of visual accommodation by contrasting the cortical functional areas evoked by foveal fixation to an “E” target, which were subservient to the accommodation responses to a -3/-6 diopter stimulus.

Methods: Neural activity was assessed in healthy volunteers by changes in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-five right-handed subjects viewed the “E” target presented in a hierarchical block design. They participated in two monocular tasks: (i) sustained foveal fixation upon an “E” target on a white background at 33 cm (-3.03D accommodative demand); and (ii) sustained fixation through an attached -3D concave lens (-6D accommodative demand) in front of the fixated eye; each condition cycled through a standard alternating 30-s eye open/30-s eye closed design to provide the BOLD contrast. The total sustained period was 480 s.

Results: The contrast between the -3D and the rest condition revealed activation in the occipital lobe (Lingual gyrus, Cuneus, Calcarine_L, and Calcarine_R); cerebellum (Cerebellum_Crus1_L and Cerebellum_6_L); precentral lobe (Precentral_R); frontal lobe (Frontal_Inf_Oper_R and Frontal_Mid_R); and cingulate cortex (Cingulum_Ant_L). With the -3D concave lenses (-6D accommodative demand) in front of the fixated eye, the voxel size and peak intensity of activation in the occipital lobe and cerebellum were greater than with the -3D accommodative demand; emergent activated brain areas included the parietal lobe (bilateral precuneus gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus); the precentral lobe and cingulate cortex failed to reach the threshold in the -6D vs. rest contrast. In the -3D and -6D contrast comparison, the frontal lobe (Frontal_Sup_Medial_L) and parietal lobe (Precuneus_L and Precuneus_R) passed the significance threshold of cluster-level family-wise error (FWE) correction. The mean activation in the -3D and -6D contrast revealed an incremental summation of the activations than that found in the previous -3D vs. rest and -6D vs. rest comparisons.

Conclusions: Neural circuits were selectively activated during the -3D/-6D accommodative response to blur cues. Cognitive-perceptual processing is involved in signal regulation of ocular accommodative functions.

背景：我们旨在通过将中央凹固定引起的皮质功能区域与“ E”靶标进行对比，从而确定参与视觉调节的功能性大脑网络，而这些功能区对-3 / -6屈光度刺激的调节响应是服从的。

方法：通过功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）测量的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号变化，评估健康志愿者的神经活动。25位惯用右手的受试者观看了以分层块设计呈现的“ E”目标。他们参加了两项单眼任务：（i）在33 cm（-3.03D调节需求）的白色背景上对“ E”目标进行持续的小凹固定；（ii）通过固定的眼前附着的-3D凹透镜（-6D适应性需求）进行持续固定；通过标准的交替30秒睁眼/ 30秒闭眼设计来循环每种情况，以提供BOLD对比度。总持续时间为480 s。

结果：-3D与静止状态之间的对比显示枕叶（舌状回，Cuneus，Calcarine_L和Calcarine_R）被激活；小脑（Cerebellum_Crus1_L和Cerebellum_6_L）；中央前叶（Precentral_R）; 额叶（Frontal_Inf_Oper_R和Frontal_Mid_R）; 和扣带回皮层（Cingulum_Ant_L）。在固定眼前使用-3D凹透镜（-6D适应性需求）时，枕叶和小脑的体素大小和激活峰值强度大于-3D适应性需求。紧急激活的大脑区域包括顶叶（双侧前突回和右上臀回）；在-6D与静息对比中，前叶和扣带回皮层未能达到阈值。在-3D和-6D对比中，额叶（Frontal_Sup_Medial_L）和顶叶（Precuneus_L和Precuneus_R）通过了群集级家庭误差（FWE）校正的显着性阈值。-3D和-6D对比中的平均激活比以前的-3D与静止和-6D与静止比较中发现的激活总和增加。

结论：在对模糊提示的-3D / -6D适应性响应期间，选择性激活了神经回路。认知-知觉处理涉及眼调节功能的信号调节。