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Scenario Analysis of Renewable Energy–Biodiversity Nexuses Using a Forest Landscape Model
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00155
Chihiro Haga , Marimi Maeda , Wataru Hotta , Takahiro Inoue , Takanori Matsui , Takashi Machimura , Masahiro Nakaoka , Junko Morimoto , Hideaki Shibata , Shizuka Hashimoto , Osamu Saito

The introduction of renewable energy (RE) is essential for building a sustainable society. However, RE can cause conflicts between energy production and biodiversity conservation. This study conducted a scenario analysis to evaluate potential conflicts in the nexuses between energy and biodiversity for the Bekambeushi River watershed located in northeastern Japan. The increasing rate of pastureland abandonment resulting from a declining farmer population is a source of great uncertainty in this area. Two alternative sources of RE were selected to utilize these abandoned pasturelands, each taking a unique approach to meet targets stipulated by regional energy plans, thereby producing different ecological consequences at the landscape scale. Thirty-one RE introduction options were simulated, comprising a range of pastureland abandonment expansion speeds and ratios of solar photovoltaic (PV) plant installation to biomass energy use. These were superimposed using two IPCC representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, 2.6 and 8.5, resulting in 62 scenarios that were summarized as three groups based on the RE supply–demand balance and the ecological impacts. The LANDIS-II model was used to simulate these scenarios from 2016 to 2100. The results indicate that both the rate of pastureland abandonment and the ratio of the two RE sources had a large impact on changes in tree species diversity and the habitat suitability of raptors. Abandoned pastureland converted to tree biomass energy production shifted to pioneer species-dominated forest. The plant species composition of transitional forests varied between the climate scenarios. The higher temperature of the RCP 8.5 scenario toward 2100 prevented the establishment of Betula platyphylla and altered tree species diversity and the habitat suitability of Ketupa blakistoni blakistoni. Biomass energy utilization produced less energy than the demand but increased the three ecological indicators. Solar PV systems provided more energy than the regional demand, but the tree diversity and habitat suitability indices for two raptors declined. However, an appropriate mixture of the two RE sources satisfied the regional energy demand and maintained ecological conditions. Our results suggest that land–energy planning should consider energy–biodiversity nexuses to strike a balance between decarbonization and biodiversity conservation.

中文翻译:

使用森林景观模型对可再生能源-生物多样性关系进行情景分析

可再生能源 (RE) 的引入对于建设可持续社会至关重要。然而,可再生能源会引起能源生产和生物多样性保护之间的冲突。本研究进行了情景分析,以评估位于日本东北部的 Bekambeushi 河流域的能源与生物多样性之间关系的潜在冲突。由于农民人口减少而导致的牧场废弃率越来越高,这是该地区存在很大不确定性的一个来源。选择了两种可再生能源替代资源来利用这些废弃的牧场,每一种都采用独特的方法来满足区域能源计划规定的目标,从而在景观尺度上产生不同的生态后果。模拟了 31 个 RE 引入选项,包括一系列牧场废弃扩张速度和太阳能光伏 (PV) 工厂安装与生物质能源使用的比率。这些使用两个 IPCC 代表性浓度路径 (RCP) 情景 2.6 和 8.5 叠加,产生 62 个情景,根据可再生能源供需平衡和生态影响总结为三组。LANDIS-II 模型用于模拟 2016-2100 年的这些情景。 结果表明,牧场废弃率和两种 RE 源的比例对树种多样性的变化和猛禽的栖息地适宜性都有很大影响. 废弃的牧场转变为树木生物质能源生产转移到以先锋物种为主的森林。过渡森林的植物物种组成因气候情景而异。接近 2100 年的 RCP 8.5 情景的较高温度阻止了白桦的建立并改变了树种多样性和 Ketupa blakistoni blakistoni 的栖息地适宜性。生物质能利用生产的能源少于需求,但提高了三个生态指标。太阳能光伏系统提供的能量多于区域需求,但两只猛禽的树木多样性和栖息地适宜性指数下降。然而,两种可再生能源的适当混合满足了区域能源需求并保持了生态条件。我们的研究结果表明,土地-能源规划应考虑能源-生物多样性之间的联系,以在脱碳和生物多样性保护之间取得平衡。5 到 2100 年的情景阻止了白桦的建立,改变了树种多样性和 Ketupa blakistoni blakistoni 的栖息地适宜性。生物质能利用生产的能源少于需求,但提高了三个生态指标。太阳能光伏系统提供的能量多于区域需求,但两只猛禽的树木多样性和栖息地适宜性指数下降。然而,两种可再生能源的适当混合满足了区域能源需求并保持了生态条件。我们的研究结果表明,土地-能源规划应考虑能源-生物多样性之间的联系,以在脱碳和生物多样性保护之间取得平衡。5 到 2100 年的情景阻止了白桦的建立,改变了树种多样性和 Ketupa blakistoni blakistoni 的栖息地适宜性。生物质能利用生产的能源少于需求,但提高了三个生态指标。太阳能光伏系统提供的能量多于区域需求,但两只猛禽的树木多样性和栖息地适宜性指数下降。然而,两种可再生能源的适当混合满足了区域能源需求并保持了生态条件。我们的研究结果表明,土地-能源规划应考虑能源-生物多样性之间的联系,以在脱碳和生物多样性保护之间取得平衡。生物质能利用生产的能源少于需求,但提高了三个生态指标。太阳能光伏系统提供的能量多于区域需求,但两只猛禽的树木多样性和栖息地适宜性指数下降。然而,两种可再生能源的适当混合满足了区域能源需求并保持了生态条件。我们的研究结果表明,土地-能源规划应考虑能源-生物多样性之间的联系,以在脱碳和生物多样性保护之间取得平衡。生物质能利用生产的能源少于需求,但提高了三个生态指标。太阳能光伏系统提供的能量多于区域需求,但两只猛禽的树木多样性和栖息地适宜性指数下降。然而,两种可再生能源的适当混合满足了区域能源需求并保持了生态条件。我们的研究结果表明,土地-能源规划应考虑能源-生物多样性的关系,以在脱碳和生物多样性保护之间取得平衡。两种可再生能源的适当混合满足了区域能源需求并保持了生态条件。我们的研究结果表明,土地-能源规划应考虑能源-生物多样性之间的联系,以在脱碳和生物多样性保护之间取得平衡。两种可再生能源的适当混合满足了区域能源需求并保持了生态条件。我们的研究结果表明,土地-能源规划应考虑能源-生物多样性之间的联系,以在脱碳和生物多样性保护之间取得平衡。
更新日期:2020-05-27
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